Abstract:The human body comprises molecules; hence, the availability of molecular nanotechnology will permit dramatic progress to address medical problems and will use molecular knowledge to maintain and improve human health at the molecular scale. Nanomedicine could develop devices that are able to work inside the human body in order to identify the early presence of a disease, and to identify and quantify toxic molecules and tumor cells, for example. Nanodentistry will make possible the maintenance of comprehensive oral health by employing nanomaterials, including tissue engineering and, ultimately, dental nanorobots. This review is an attempt to highlight the possible applications of nanotechnology and the use of nanomaterials in dentistry.
BACKGROUND Due to increased aesthetic demands, the dentist should rely on the aesthetic principles that exist in nature so as to reproduce or integrate them in humans to mimic the essential beauty. The Golden proportion, Golden percentage and recurrent aesthetic dental proportion are some of the commonly used guidelines by the dental profession for better aesthetic proportion in dentition. AIM The aim of the present study was to investigate the existence of Golden Percentage and Recurrent Aesthetic Dental proportion between the widths of maxillary anterior teeth in individuals with natural aesthetic dentition. METHODS AND MATERIAL This study was conducted on 60 dental students with an aesthetic smile (30 males and 30 females) with ages ranging from 18 to 30 yrs. by obtaining prior consent. An impression of upper arch was made with alginate impression material and standardized facial photographs were obtained from each individual. Analysis was performed by operator on cast using Dial caliper and on photographs using Corel Draw software. The existence of Golden Percentage and Recurrent Aesthetic Dental proportion was investigated. The data was statistically analysed by student's paired 't' test. RESULTS This study has shown that golden percentage is observed only in the lateral incisors and is not applicable to central incisor which showed Golden percentage of 21.7% and canine which showed 13%. There was no evidence to support the existence of RED proportion. CONCLUSION Further studies need to be carried out on a larger population with different stereotypes to prove the existence of Golden percentage and RED proportion in the Indian population.
Aim: To evaluate the fracture resistance under static loading of endodontically treated teeth (maxillary central incisors) restored with carbon fiber posts, glass fiber posts, and everStick posts. The objectives of this study were to check the fracture resistance of the everStick post and compare it with glass fiber posts and carbon fiber posts and evaluated their modes of failure. Materials and methods: An estimated 80 freshly extracted human maxillary central incisors were collected for this study. The coronal portions of 60 teeth were sectioned 4 mm incisal to the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) and 20 teeth were left intact to be used as controls. All the samples were embedded vertically in acrylic resin blocks and the groups were divided as follows. I-control group, II-carbon fiber group, IIIglass fiber group, and IV-everStick (E-glass) group. Root canal treatment was completed in all the 80 teeth of 4 groups. Control group teeth were restored with a composite. In all other teeth, post and core placement was carried out. All specimens were mounted on a test block and subjected to static loading until fracture and the mode of fracture was recorded. Statistical analysis was carried out using ANOVA to calculate the mean values of all groups. An intergroup comparison was carried out using Tukey's post hoc test. Results: The study showed that group I showed the highest fracture resistance followed by group IV, which is everStick post group under static loading. There was a significant difference among test groups. The main mode of fracture was repairable as there was debonding of the core in all the fiber posts. Conclusion: Teeth of the control group showed highest fracture resistance and teeth restored with everStick posts showed higher fracture resistance than those restored with glass fiber or carbon fiber posts under static loading (p < 0.05). The principal mode of fracture was debonding of core and remaining root. Teeth restored without application of a post showed the highest fracture resistance than all other groups. Clinical significance: EverStick/E-glass fiber posts showed significantly higher fracture resistance than the other fiber posts and can be suggested for clinical use.
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