Background:
Phytochemical studies of Annona muricata showed the presence of bioactive
components with anticancer activity. We compared the anticancer properties of crude acetonic
and methanolic A. muricata leaf extracts.
Methods:
The viabilities of different cell lines (A549, U87, U251, K562 and VERO) treated with A.
muricata acetonic or methanolic leaf extracts were measured using the MTT assay. Apoptosis induction,
cell cycle and cytoskeleton rearrangements were evaluated in K562 by flow cytometry or
fluorescence microscopy.
Results:
Chemical analyses of the A. muricata extracts showed differences in their composition. The
K562 cell line was the most sensitive to the treatment with the acetonic and methanolic extracts, and
the IC50 values, respectively were 28.82 (24.41 - 34.69) and 32.49 (27.21 - 40.16) μg/mL. Both extracts
induced apoptotic cell death and G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest. For the first time, cytoskeleton
rearrangements were observed in the K562 cell line treated with methanolic extract.
Conclusion:
These findings suggest that both A. muricata extracts exhibit antileukemic potential
and represent a promising source of novel compounds with anticancer activity.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial mutagênico e citotóxico por meio da análise das células da raíz de Allium cepa expostas à amostras de águas superficiais do rio Jaru, município de Jaru, Estado de Rondônia. As amostras foram obtidas nos períodos de seca, agosto de 2011 e chuvoso, fevereiro de 2012 em três pontos distintos, sendo o P1 localizado na bomba de captação de águas da CAERD (Companhia de Água e Esgoto de Rondônia), o P2 em local de despejo de efluentes laticínios, e o P3 na zona rural à jusante da sede do município. Bioensaios com bulbos de cebola expostos a água de cada ponto foram conduzidos, comparando-se com o controle negativo que levou apenas água destilada. Em seguida as amostras dos bulbos passaram por tratamentos e cortes histológicos nas regiões dos meristemas apicais da raiz para avaliar o índice de crescimento, o índice mitótico e índice de micronúcleo. No período de seca com relação ao crescimento das raízes foi observada uma diferença estatisticamente significante para P1 (P
This study aimed to optimize and validate an analytical methodology for determination of 1-hydroxypyrene in urine of workers involved in harvesting sugar cane. The method used for determining 1-hydroxypyrene in human urine is the enzymatic hydrolysis, extraction and clean-up by solid phase extraction (SPE) and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC / Flu). Four types of cartridges were tested to verify the percentage of recovery. Urine of sugar-cane workers (nonsmokers and of both sexes) were collected during the harvest (n = 39) and non-harvest season (n = 34) of cane sugar. The best recovery results were attributed to the C18 cartridges. They presented recovery between 79% and 108%, with a coefficient of variation between 5% and 10%. The limit of quantification was 74 ng of 1-hydroxypyrene per liter of urine. The optimized and validated methodology was used for determination of real samples. The results found in the urine of workers at harvest period ranged from 0.026 to 2.3 mol of 1-hydroxypyrene per mol creatinine. During the non-harvesting season the results ranged from 0.0023 to 0.38 mol of 1-hydroxypyrene per mol creatinine. The validated methodology proved suitable for determination of 1-hydroxypyrene in human urine. The data indicate that there is strong correlation between excretion of 1-hydroxypyrene and the periods during and between harvests of sugar cane.
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