In this study, we tried to calculate Iran’s green growth index and compare it with four selected OECD countries in the continent of Asia, Turkey, Japan, Korea, and Israel in 2015 by applying the Green Index, and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution. Our research provides a new methodology to rank different countries based on green growth indicators. Applying both methods, Iran ranked fourth among the selected countries. Iran, in comparison to Turkey, Japan, and Korea, is behind in developing sustainability and green economy indices.
The purpose of this paper is to investigate decision-making in export financing services by banks in Hungary. The case studies are of one export credit agency and eight commercial banks. The data was collected through interviews and to interpret the data content analysis with an inductive approach was used. The results show that the decision-making system in export financing services in Hungary tends to be centralized and bureaucratic with a mostly participative leadership style. Effectiveness in the decision-making process is influenced by decision-related factors, human-qualification factors, and organizational contextual factors which can be amplified by certain other factors.
In the 2020s, Export credit agencies alongside other industries face many critical challenges such as new technologies (like Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain), environmental issues, and new financial crises that force change or modification to the organizations. State-owned ECAs have some limitations in their regulations and are inherent in the way of the change process. This paper aims to investigate the management challenges in ECAs in facing the changes needed in the 2020s and how they face them. ECAs in Iran and Hungary are used as case studies. Content analysis with an inductive approach is done to interpret the conducted interviews.
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