No abstract

The Roy-Camille technique was associated with a high incidence of pedicle violation, whereas screw placement with a partial laminectomy significantly reduced the incidence of pedicle violation. Pedicle screw fixation in the thoracic spine remains a technical challenge and should not be used routinely. Screw placement with the open-lamina technique is recommended if pedicle screw fixation is strongly indicated in the thoracic spine.

This study suggested that more care be taken into consideration in placing a transpedicular screw in the transverse plane than in placing a screw in the sagittal plane in the thoracic spine.

No abstract

This information, in conjunction with preoperative computed tomography evaluation, may enhance our knowledge of transpedicular screw fixation in the thoracic pedicle.

These data may enhance understanding of the important bony elements associated with the cervical spinal nerves and roots as they pass through the cervical nerve groove and the intervertebral foramen.

Transpedicular screw placement in the cervical spine is difficult, and a high percentage of violations of the pedicle wall occur. This technique should not be used routinely.

Taking into consideration some variations between individuals, this information, combined with evaluation of results of preoperative axial computed tomography and conventional radiography, may enhance the safety of transpedicular screw fixation in the lower cervical spine.