Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the scale structure of the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) in a sample of 1,802 substance abusers (43% alcohol dependent) with a concurrent psychiatric disorder (46% with mood disorders). The fit of the original composite score model based on the work of P. L. McGahan, J. A. Griffith, R. Parente, and A. T. McLellan (1990) was compared with the evaluation indices (EIs) developed by A. I. Alterman et al. (1998). The 5-dimensional model based on the EIs was an overall better fit to the data. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) for the EIs ranged from.66 (family domain) to.75 (legal domain). The 5 EIs were moderately correlated (rs =.42-.72) with the interviewer severity ratings from the ASI. Evaluation studies involving concurrent disordered substance abusers should use the EIs as summary measures of change.

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One of the conceptual developments in the field of resilience is the recognition that individuals have the potential to actually benefit and thrive from adversity. Hence, the concept of four levels of resilience has been suggested -succumbing, surviving, recovering, thriving. Numerous variables have been postulated to account for individual differences in level of resilience; one that has not received attention is self-talk. Resilient self-talk is introduced as a specific type of positive self-talk utilized during difficult times in our lives ( e.g., "Everything happens for a reason"). University students (N = 291) completed a questionnaire that assessed their (a) selfperceived level of personal resilience (the 4 levels); (b) frequency of engaging in resilient selftalk and its importance to them; ( c) variables related to use of resilient self-talk, including 25 characteristics of resilient individuals ( e.g., optimism, problem-solving ability); reasons for engaging in resilient self-talk (e.g., motivation, focus), experience oflife difficulty; and (d) demographic information. The relationship between frequency of self-talk and perceived level of resilience is considerably stronger than for importance; e.g. frequency (but not importance) of self-talk distinguishes between levels of resilience. A number of variables were also related to the use of resilient self-talk, particularly reframing and social support ( characteristics of resilience), and motivation (a reason for using resilient self-talk).