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The length‐weight relationship (LWRs) was estimated for eight fish species collected from oxbow lakes on the floodplain of the middle Purus River in western Brazilian Amazonia in January, May, and September 2012. The specimens were collected using 12 gillnets (80 m in length × 4 m in height, meshes of between 1.5 cm and 12.0 cm), which were set during both diurnal and nocturnal periods. The species had allometric coefficients (b) of between 2.92 and 3.37, and correlation coefficients (r2) ranging from 0.954 to 0.993 and we highlight that the work presents new data for literature.

Summary The paper investigates the length‐weight relationship of three cichlids species for the southwestern Amazon, Acre state. The individuals were collected at five sites during one year among august/2016 and june/2017 in Quinoá stream (10°06′03.33″S/67°40′11.50″W). The individuals were collected using: seine net, 6 m length, 2.25 high, and mesh size 5 mm, two dip nets, 5 mm mesh, 30 cm width, and 50 cm in length and two sieve with 5 mm mesh, 50 cm width, and 80 cm in length. The results show that one species presented positive allometric growth (Aequidens tetramerus) and the others negative allometric growth (Apistogramma acrensis and Crenicichla semicincta).

Despite increasing efforts in recent years to catalog the fish diversity of Amazonian rivers, many regions are still under-sampled, and sandy beach environments are particularly poorly understood. The present study focused on a 300 km stretch of the Acre river, in the southwestern Amazon basin, where we sampled 30 sandy beaches separated by a mean interval of 10 km. We collected 15,329 fish representing 80 species, 26 families, and nine orders. The Characiformes were the most abundant order, providing 88.24% of the individuals collected, followed by the Siluriformes, with 10.03%, while the Siluriformes had the highest species richness, with 37 species (45.0%), followed by the Characiformes, with 30 (37.5%). The most abundant species were the characiforms Knodus orteguasae and Creagruto barrigai. Reliable data on a region’s biota is fundamental for the evaluation of patterns of biodiversity, and the occurrence and management of threatened species. As fish are directly affected by pollutants and the degradation of aquatic environments, further research in areas that are still poorly sampled will be essential for the elaboration of effective conservation strategies.

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Background: Women living in low- and middle-income countries are more exposed to known risk factors for depression occurrence and persistency over time. Aim: Our aim was to investigate the course of depression in the first 2 years postpartum among Brazilian women enrolled in a cash transfer program. Method: Longitudinal analysis of baseline (T0; mean 3.7 months postpartum) and first follow-up data (T1; mean 18.6 months postpartum) from a trial to assess the impact of a child development promotion program in 30 municipalities from six Brazilian states. The program does not include any interventions against maternal depression. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at cutoff ⩾10 was applied. Women were categorized into four groups based on EPDS at T0 and T1: absence of depression, persistence, discontinuity, or emergence pattern. Adjusted Poisson regressions were run using a multilevel hierarchical model. Results: Two thousand eight hundred sixty-three women were assessed. Prevalence of depression was 26.4% [24.8, 28.1] at T0 and 24.4% [22.8, 26.0] at T1. Persistence, discontinuation, and emergence were found in 14.1% [11.3, 17.6%], 12.8% [11.4, 14.3%], and 10.2% [8.0, 13.0], respectively. In adjusted analyses, the persistence pattern was directly associated with parity and inversely associated with schooling of the woman and of the child’s father. Living with husband/partner and support from the child’s father and family members during pregnancy were protective against persistence. The discontinuity and the emergence patterns were not associated with any of the exposure variables. Conclusions: Depressive symptoms were highly prevalent during the first 2 years postpartum. About half of the women with depression at T1 were persistent cases that could have been detected earlier. Screening for maternal depression should be an essential component in every encounter of women with health professionals in primary health care settings.

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