Temperature is the focus of many studies around the world due to several factors, such as population growth and land use and coverage changes, as these elements contribute to the increase/decrease of air temperature on the surface of a region. This study aimed to analyze the temperature trend in the metropolises of the Brazilian Amazon (Belém and Manaus), from 1978 to 2018, for the dry and rainy regimes, taking into account population growth and the change in land use and coverage of referred cities. For this purpose, monthly data of maximum, compensated and minimum temperature in a radius of 25 km from the coordinates of the meteorological stations of each city were used, extracted from the National Institute of Meteorology, usage data and coverage of the Annual Soil Coverage and Use Mapping Project in Brazil and population data of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The results showed a positive trend in the temperature of these regions studied, due to the increase in urban infrastructure and population growth, as well as a decrease in forest formation in the metropolises of the Brazilian Amazon.
Nowadays, it is almost impossible argue about global development without immediately stopping to think about waste; it is claimed that waste materials are correlated with the growth of population as a consequence of consumption habits. The applied multivariable statistical analysis, both quantitative and qualitative of the BIG DATA of the OECD in the period of 1960-2050 of the World Bank from the decades of 1990 , and SCOPUS (1996 using applied multivariate statistics. The results reveal that consumption habits are strongly in uenced by access to public services more than by purchasing power, in addition, it was determined that the rate of subscriptions to cellular service is a catalyst for population indicators and ordinary waste, study shows the trace of evolution due to the most signi cant advance in communication technologies.
The objective of the study was to analyze the precipitation behavior in the city of Belém do Pará (1 st 49'S and 48º49'W), between 01/01/1967 and 12/31/2016, the daily data of the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), are grouped by decades, years and months, to identify the largest and smallest rainfall in the period. Using the percentile technique, events with an upper value of 63mm, considering k-eximo of 0.99, were separated, defining a limit for the study of extreme events and verifying the variation during the period. The results showed a tendency of growth of the amount of average precipitation in the last five decades; however, in the last decade it presents a significant drop, where the precipitation reached 16.9mm. Previous studies indicate that these variations in the precipitation of the city of Belém (PA) are little influenced by the phenomenon of Niño (EN and LN). Concluding that the Intercropical Convergence Zone (ICCIT) and the Instability Line (LS) are the main modulators of precipitation in Belém (PA). The precipitation behavior is similar to the parameters: Southern oscillation index (IOS), quasi-benial oscillation (OQB) and CIIFEN Atlantic Thermal Index (ITA), which refer to global climate change conditions.
Fatores usados com frequência no cálculo da avaliação monetária dos prejuízos nas inundações são: a altura da lâmina d’água ou local na zona inundada, velocidade, a permanência (duração), a frequência, e, carga dos sólidos acarreados. O primeiro fator, é intitulado de diferentes maneiras, esses diferentes títulos são concentrados em “pegada d’água”, referindo-se ao rastro que fica depois de um alagamento ou inundação, como evidência do fato. Devido à necessidade de ter um valor que possa diminuir as discrepâncias e incertezas no cálculo dos prejuízos e conciliar os interesses dos usuários, é que se propõe o Índice do Impacto da Pegada d’água (Ipa). Este índice foi determinado a partir da análise da precipitação ocorrida no período 2000-2016 em duas cidades, identificando os eventos extremos pela técnica do percentil, comparando os resultados com o registro de inundações, e realizando testes na proposta do cálculo. Reflexionasse sobre a conveniência do uso.
The current generation has a series of technological tools that facilitate multivariate analysis, both qualitative and quantitative, inferring using inductive and deductive methods interchangeably, that is, applying the abductive method to propose solutions to transgenerational problems is a responsibility of the Anthropocene era, responsibility inescapable.
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