Renal function studies and measurements of in vivo plasma renin activity (PRA), kidney renin content, and renin secretion by isolated, perfused kidneys were performed in spontaneously diabetic and nondiabetic BioBreeding/Worcester (BB/W) rats. Diabetic animals evidenced hyperglycemia, glycosuria, and plasma volume expansion. After dietary sodium deprivation, plasma volume fell to levels equivalent to those of sodium-deprived, nondiabetic rats. Dietary sodium deprivation evoked a larger proportional increase in PRA among diabetic than nondiabetic animals, although PRA before sodium restriction was equivalent in the two groups. Basal renin release (RR) was higher from isolated, perfused kidneys from diabetic rats than from nondiabetic kidneys. Diabetic kidneys, moreover, displayed increased kidney renin content (KRC). By contrast, while isoproterenol (10(-5) M) stimulated a nearly fivefold increment in RR from nondiabetic, perfused kidneys, a negligible effect was observed in diabetic kidneys. The dose-response curve of renin secretion (as a proportion of total renal content) in response to isoproterenol was shifted downward. Hence, while KRC and spontaneous RR by isolated, perfused kidneys were increased, the increment in PRA with salt depletion and the renin-secretory response to isoproterenol in vitro were impaired. We propose that specific defects in renin secretion, in particular, the response to beta-adrenergic stimulation, may be operative in diabetes.
The relation between renal vein renin activity (RVRA) and renal vein prostaglandin A (PGA) and prostaglandin E (PGE) concentrations was examined in 50 patients with hypertension who underwent renal vein catheterizations for suspected renovascular hypertension. In 14 patients with unilateral renal artery stenosis, mean renal vein PGE concentrations were higher in the renal vein draining the nonischemic kidney, while RVRA was increased in the renal vein draining the ischemic kidney. PGE ratios from the two sides were inversely related to RVRA ratios in this group. In the other 36 patients with either bilateral renal artery stenosis, essential hypertension or nonrenovascular unilateral renal disease, RVRA and PGE concentrations were similar in both kidneys. No relation between RVRA and PGA could be established for any group.
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