Gama, R. T.; de Oliveira, D. M.; Teixeira, W. G.; Falcão, N. P. S. Rev. Virtual Quim., 2017, 9 (5), 1944-1956. Data de publicação na Web: 4 de outubro de 2017 http://rvq.sbq.org.br Residual effect of biochar and saw dust powder on carbon and total nitrogen contents in Yellow Latosol in AmazoniaAbstract: The biochar (BC) acts as a physical, chemical and biological conditioner, which added to increasing doses of saw dust powder (PS) can contribute to soil improvement. The objective of this work was to verify the residual effect of BC and PS on total carbon, organic carbon, total nitrogen and carbon and nitrogen in a dystrophic yellow latosol in the central Amazon. The experiment was carried out at the experimental station of the National Research Institute of the Amazon, Manaus-AM. A randomized block design (4 blocks) was used in factorial tests, In the first plot (0, 40, 80, 120 t ha ). There was significant interaction at the 5% probability level between BC and PS in depth 10-20 cm, with the interaction of doses 80 BC and 40 PS presenting the best mean with 34.67 g kg -1 C. There was no significant effect for BC and PS on CO and soil organic matter (OM) in no depth. The residual effect of BC provided a significant increase at the level of 5% in total nitrogen contents at depths 0-10 and 10-20 cm. There was an increase in the C/N ratio due to the doses of BC in the three depths of the soil studied.Keywords: Soil organic matter; Yellow Latosol; Soil Conditioner. ResumoO biocarvão (BC) atua como condicionador físico, químico e biológico, que somado a doses crescentes de pó de serra (PS) podem contribuir para a melhoria do solo. Objetivou-se com este trabalho verificar o efeito residual do biocarvão e do pó de serra nos teores de carbono total, carbono orgânico, nitrogênio total e a relação carbono e nitrogênio em um Latossolo Amarelo Distrófico na Amazônia Central. O experimento foi realizado na Estação Experimental do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, em Manaus-AM. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados (4 blocos), em ensaio fatorial, na primeira parcela (0, 40, 80, 120 t ha -1 ) de BC, e na segunda foram aplicadas as doses de (0, 40, 80 e 120 t ha -1 ) de PS, totalizando 16 tratamentos e 4 repetições com 64 unidades experimentais. Foram determinados os teores totais de carbono total (CT) e nitrogênio (NT) pelo método de combustão a seco, carbono orgânico (CO) pelo método walkley & black e relação Carbono e Nitrogênio total (C/N). Houve efeito significativo no nível de 1% de significância nos teores de CT nas duas profundidades (0-10 e 20-30 cm) medida em que as doses BC aumentaram, sendo que houve uma diferença de mais de 80 % entre a dose 0 (17,86 g kg ). Houve interação significativa no nível de 5 % de probabilidade entre o BC e PS na profundidade 10-20 cm, sendo que a interação da dose 80 de BC e 40 PS apresentou a melhor media 34.67 g kg -1. Não houve efeito significativo para BC e PS nos teores de CO e matéria orgânica do solo (M.O) em nenhuma profundidade. O efeito residual do B...

Com as reservas de fósforo diminuindo gradativamente, o interesse em desenvolver alternativas para suprir a demanda de fertilizantes na agricultura vem sendo cada dia maior. Com isso, atentou-se para os resíduos orgânicos advindos do abate de animais, como ossos bovinos, que são fontes de fósforo (P) e cálcio (Ca) e podem ser destinados à agricultura. O único impasse na sua utilização é sua baixa solubilidade e disponibilidade de nutrientes às plantas. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos produtivos da forrageira Brachiaria ruziziensis quando submetida à adubação com farinha de ossos calcinada (FOC) sob tratamentos ácidos (oxálico a 10 %, acético a 10 % e clorídrico a 1 e 0,5 %, respectivamente). Nas avaliações foram consideradas as seguintes variáveis: matéria fresca da parte aérea (MFPA), matéria seca da parte aérea (MSPA) e potencial hidrogeniônico (pH). Como padrão utilizou-se do superfosfato simples (SFS) para comparação. A acidificação da FOC proporcionou ganhos significativos de MFPA e MSPA na presença HCl 1% e o Acé 10% como extratores de P em relação à testemunha e à FOC sem utilização dos ácidos. A utilização de todos os ácidos na FOC proporcionou aumentos significativos no pH do solo.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction of biochar and phosphorus in substrate for seedling production of Brazil nut. A greenhouse experiment was carried out with the following treatments: five doses of biochar (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 t ha-1) and effect of two levels of phosphorus (0 and 100 kg ha-1 of P2O5) with 4 replicates. The plant height, stem diameter and number of leaves were monthly evaluated. At the end of experiment (180 days), the plants were removed from the pots and were evaluated the dry weight of the seedlings (total, shoot and roots), absolute growth rate, height/diameter and shoot/root ratio, number of leaves, leaf gain and quality index of seedlings. There was a significant interaction between the biochar and phosphorus interaction. The elevation of the bioburden doses did not influence any variables with phosphorus. In the absence of phosphorus, the doses of up to 40 t ha-1 of biochar promoted the highest values of the analyzed variables. Higher doses of biochar (> 40 t ha-1) reduced the growth and seedlings quality, however, it was found that under phosphate fertilization, the seedlings were obtained better growth results.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of biochar saturation doses on the cumulative loss of water in a Yellow Latosol typical of Central Amazonia. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse of the National Institute of Research of the Amazon -INPA, in Manaus-AM. Biochar was used from the pyrolysis of brown urchins and a secondary forest soil. A completely randomized design with five biochar doses (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 t ha -1 ) was used with four replicates, each experimental unit consisting of a plastic vessel with 2500 g of soil with biochar. The observed variables were the amount of water required for soil saturation and the cumulative loss of water in seven periods (24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h, 120 h, 144 h and 168 h). The water measurements required for saturation were based on dry soil and, while losses were calculated based on the subtraction of the saturated soil mass and the wet mass of each period. The biochar doses did not significantly influence the amount of water required for saturation of the studied soil. Attenuated water losses were observed with the application of 20 and 40 t ha -1 of biochar. The higher doses of 60 and 80 t ha -1 of biochar promoted the greatest accumulated losses of soil water.

Aims: The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of the bone meal under acidification in the production of dry matter of Brachiaria ruziziensis in relation to a soluble source. Study Design: The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with seven treatments and three replications. Treatments included a control, single superphosphate (SS), bone meal (BM), BM treated with 10% oxalic acid, BM treated with 10% acetic acid, and BM treated with 1% to 0.5% hydrochloric acid. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out from October 2014 to February 2015, at the Experimental Farm of the Federal University of Rondônia (UNIR), located 15 km from the city of Rolim de Moura, Rondônia, Brazil. Methodology: The bone meal used in the experiment was produced manually, where bovine bones were collected and burned for carbon removal and particle reduction. The oxalic acid, acetic acid and hydrochloric acid were used to increase the solubility of the bone meal for application to the soil for growth of B. ruziziensis. Parameters evaluated were the agronomic efficiency index (AEI), phosphorus conversion efficiency (PCE), shoot dry matter (SDM), and root dry matter (RDM). Results: AEI obtained for acid treatments was above 60% and PCE satisfactory when compared to the soluble source, except for 0.5% hydrochloric acid and significantly above the BM without acid treatments. There was higher production of SDM and RDM with the soluble source (SS), however the acid treatments promoted dry matter production above the BM without acid treatments. Conclusions: The application of acids in bone meal promoted satisfactory agronomic efficiency gains for Brachiaria ruziziensis.

A cultura do jambu tem exigências nutricionais que podem ser supridas tanto pela adubação química quanto orgânica. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência do fertilizante orgânico de esterco bovino proveniente de abatedouros, na produção de biomassa verde de jambu em relação à adubação convencional. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação do Instituto de Estudos em Desenvolvimento Agrário e Regional da Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, no município de Marabá, Estado do Pará - Brasil. O delineamento estatístico experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualisado com 8 (oito) tratamentos e 8 (oito) repetições. Como resultados, observou-se que a calagem utilizada de forma isolada não propicia o aumento de biomassa verde da cultura estudada. Quando adicionado fertilizante orgânico de esterco bovino no solo com baixa fertilidade natural, ocorre um aumento linear do peso médio da biomassa verde do jambu em todos os tratamentos. Quando se utiliza o fertilizante orgânico associado ao adubo NPK, obtem-se o melhor ganho de biomassa verde independentemente do uso da calagem. Portanto, a combinação da adubação química e orgânica promove maior impacto na produção de biomassa das plantas de jambu.