Context:It has been proved that lip prints are analogous to thumb prints. A correlation between thumb prints and sagittal dental malocclusion has already been established. Soft tissue is gaining more importance in judgement of deformity or identity of a patient.Aim:To find a correlation between sagittal skeletal jaw relation and lip prints.Settings and Design:Descriptive, cross-sectional, comparative, single-blind, hospital-based study.Materials and Methods:A total of 90 patients were categorized into skeletal class I, class II, and class III, comprising 30 patients in each group with equal gender distribution. Dolphin imaging (10.5) software was used for analyzing sagittal jaw relation. Lip prints obtained from these 90 patients were analyzed.Statistical Analyses Used:Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient, Chi-square test, t-test, Spearman's co-efficient, analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results:It was observed that angle ANB (Angle formed between points nasion[N] to Subnasal[A] and nasion[N] to supramental [B]) and beta angle were statistically significant, revealing a strong negative correlation (-0.9060) with different classes of jaw relation. Significant difference was observed between genders in all the three classes. Significant difference was observed in relation to lip print and the quadrants of upper and lower lips. A statistical significance was noted on the right side of both upper and lower arches.Conclusion:This study shows that lip prints can be employed for sagittal jaw relation recognition. A further study on various ethnic backgrounds with a larger sample size in individual group is necessary for comparing lip prints and malocclusion.

Objectives:The study was aimed to evaluate the pharyngeal airway linear measurements of untreated skeletal class II subjects with normal facial vertical pattern in prognathic maxilla with orthognathic mandible and orthognathic maxilla with retrognathic mandible.Materials and method:the sample comprised of lateral Cephalograms of two groups (30 each) of class II malocclusion variants. Group 1 comprised of class II malocclusion with prognathic maxilla and orthognathic mandible, whereas group 2 comprised of class II malocclusion with orthognathic maxilla and retrognathic mandible. Each group was traced for the linear measurements of the pharyngeal airway like the oropharynx, nasopharynx and soft palate. The obtained data was subjected to independent t test and the Mann Whitney test to check the difference between the two groups and within the groups respectively.Results:there was significant difference between all the linear measurements at the soft palate region and the distance between the tip of soft palate to its counter point on the pharyngeal wall in oropharynx region (p-ppm).Conclusion:the pharyngeal airway for class II malocclusion with various combination in an average growth pattern adult showed significant difference. The present results suggested, that the pharyngeal airway space might be the etiological factor for different sagittal growth pattern of the jaws and probable usage of different growth modification appliance can influence the pharyngeal airway.

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In this study, a marine robotic system is designed to locate and to quantify the surface water pollution in lakes and ponds with the consideration of the influences of neighboring buildings and trees. The proposed system consists of an aerial robot and a marine robot, which are actuated by pattern recognition at the base station with safe path planning. In the designed system,on quadrotor a Forward Looking Infra Red (FLIR) thermal imaging camera is employed to spot oil spills following a neural network method, while a wireless digital camera is used to identify the apropos path by imparting edge detection techniques. The surrounding buildings and trees dysfunction the digital camera's reflectivity, thereby disparate from optimal path planning. To dwindle the experimental impediment, the Voronoi algorithm is employed by fractionating the experiment's domain into small sub-sections. After that, Dijkstra's algorithm is considered to assure the optimal path planning from the starting point to the target. Fuzzy logic is introduced to direct boats towards the target. Global positioning system (GPS), sonar and navigation sensors based boat follow the trajectory defined by the aerial robot towards target point and take samples for quantification test through the spectrometer. These results then sent to the base station for pattern recognition using neural networks. Such systems can efficiently and effectively navigate the water pollution problems as disaster response.

Introduction: Intercuspation of teeth depends on position of teeth and jaws. Bite mark is the resultant of the intercuspation of teeth produced by an individual. Aims and Objective: Comparative evaluation of bite marks in Angle's Class I, II, and III sagittal occlusion. Materials and Methods: Three groups as per Angle's classification-Class I, Class II, and Class III relation were taken. Each group comprised 30 samples each. The dental casts were scanned to create digital images. “IC Measure” software was used to determine the angular and linear measurements on scanned images of study model after calibration. Internal angles of odontometric triangle, intercanine width, shape of the arch, size, and shape of the individual teeth was recorded and subjected to the statistical analysis. Results: All incisors had rectangular and canine had triangular shape. Bilateral maxillary lateral incisors and mandibular left central incisor were significantly small in size for Class III. Square arch form was found more commonly in Class III and ovoid arch form in Class I and Class II occlusion. Intercanine width was insignificant among all occlusions. All the angles of the odontometric triangle in the maxillary and mandibular arches were significant for Class III. Conclusion: Class III occlusion individuals were distinct for shape of the arch and angles of maxillary and mandibular odontometric triangle. The quantified values of odontometric triangle can be utilized for the identification of Class III individuals.

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Palatal expansion has a unique role in dentofacial therapy. The rapid Maxillary expansion which is a type of skeletal expansion involves the opening of the mid-palatal suture and movement of the palatal shelves away from each other. Selection of appropriate appliance should be made by preparing a list of criteria depending on the biomechanical requirements of RME. Rapid expansion affects the maxillary complex, palatal vaults, maxillary teeth, adjacent periodontal structures to get desired expansion in the maxillary arch. Maxillary transverse deficiency in adults is a malocclusion of relatively high prevalence in orthodontics. The rapid maxillary expansion (RME) surgically assisted is considered the preferred procedure to correction of this alteration in patients skeletally mature. This review discusses the types of palatal expansion and skeletal and soft tissue effects of palatal expansion.

BACKGROUND This study was conducted to determine angular changes of maxillary canine in en masse retraction of anterior teeth in a new modified power arm with a conventional intraoral anchorage unit compared to a mini-implant anchorage in the first premolar extraction case. We wanted to compare angular changes of maxillary canine between modified conventional anchorage with a power arm and titanium mini-implant anchorage in en masse retraction. METHODS A total of 15 participants requiring maxillary first premolar extraction was selected for this study. In each participant, the en mass retraction was carried out with miniimplants on one side & modified conventional anchorage with a power arm on the other side. The choice of mode of retraction on the right and the left side was done based on the coin flip method. Angular position of the maxillary canine was evaluated on orthopantomogram (OPG) & diagnostic cast. RESULTS A mean disto-palatal rotation observed post retraction was of 9° on the conventional anchorage side & 9.86° on the mini-implant anchorage side. A mean difference in maxillary canine angulations post retraction was 1.13° on the conventional anchorage side and 0.93° on the mini-implant side. An increase in angle suggested the tipping of canine teeth. The difference was very small which was not statistically & clinically significant. CONCLUSIONS There was no difference in the type of tooth movement during retraction by miniimplant and power arm suggesting minimal variation in teeth movement in the anterior region. So, the choice mainly depends on the type of the anchorage required in the given clinical situation. KEY WORDS Anchorage, Mini-Implant, Power Arm, Type of Tooth Movement