Application of multilingual corpus in contrastive studies (on the example of the Bulgarian-Polish-Lithuanian parallel corpus)In this paper we present applications of a trilingual corpus in language research. Comparative and contrastive studies of Polish and Bulgarian as well as Polish and Lithuanian have been already conducted, but up to the best of our knowledge no such studies exist for Bulgarian and Lithuanian. On the one hand, it is interesting to note that two Slavic languages are compared to a Baltic language (Lithuanian). On the other hand, the three languages are marginally present in the EU because of the later ascension of the three countries to the EU. The paper shortly describes the first electronic Bulgarian–Polish–Lithuanian experimental corpus, currently under development only for research. We also focus our attention on the morphosyntactic annotation of the parallel trilingual corpus according to the Corpus Encoding Standard: we present a review of the Part-of-Speech (POS) classification of the participle in the three languages – Bulgarian, Polish, and Lithuanian in comparison to another POS, the adjective. We briefly discuss tagsets for corpus annotation from the point of view of possible unification in the future with some examples.
Experimental Polish-Lithuanian Corpus with the Semantic Annotation ElementsIn the article the authors present the experimental Polish-Lithuanian corpus (ECorpPL-LT) formed for the idea of Polish-Lithuanian theoretical contrastive studies, a Polish-Lithuanian electronic dictionary, and as help for a sworn translator. The semantic annotation being brought into ECorpPL-LT is extremely useful in Polish-Lithuanian contrastive studies, and also proves helpful in translation work.
Slavic languages and the Lithuanian language in the Clarin-PL parallel corporaThe Clarin Eric and Clarin-PL strategic scientific purpose is to support humanistic research in a multicultural and multilingual Europe. Polish researchers put the emphasis on building a bridge between the Polish language and Polish linguistic technologies and other European languages and their linguistic technologies. So far, the Polish scientific community has mainly focused on Polish-English connections. Clarin-PL has been developing the first and only multilingual corpora of the Polish language in conjunction with other Slavic languages and the Lithuanian language: the Polish-Bulgarian-Russian Parallel Corpus and the Polish- Lithuanian Parallel Corpus. The parallel corpora created by the ISS PAS Corpus Linguistics and Semantics Team break through the existing “canons” and allow scientists access to interlinked multilingual language resources – in the first phase limited to the languages of the three Slavic groups and the Lithuanian language. In the article, the authors present very detailed information on their original system of the semantic annotation of scope quantification in multilingual parallel corpora, hitherto unused in the subject literature. Due to the system’s originality, the semantic annotation is carried out manually. Identification of particular values of scope quantification in a sentence and the hereby presented attempts of its recording are supported by long-term research conducted by an international team of linguists and computer scientists / mathematicians developing the issue of quantification of names, time and aspect in natural languages. Języki słowiańskie i litewski w korpusach równoległych Clarin-PLStrategicznym celem naukowym Clarin ERIC i Clarin-PL jest wspieranie badań humanistycznych w wielokulturowej i wielojęzycznej Europie. Dla polskich badaczy ważna jest budowa pomostu między językiem polskim, polskimi technologiami językowymi a innymi językami europejskimi i na ich rzecz opracowanymi technologiami językowymi. Dotychczas w nauce polskiej największy nacisk był kładziony na powiązania polsko-angielskie. Clarin-PL opracowuje zatem pierwsze jak dotąd wielojęzyczne korpusy języka polskiego w zestawieniu z innymi językami słowiańskimi oraz z językiem litewskim: Korpus równoległy polsko-bułgarsko-rosyjski i Korpus równoległy polsko-litewski. Tworzone przez Zespół Lingwistyki Korpusowej i Semantyki (IS PAN) korpusy równoległe przełamują dotychczasowe „kanony” i udostępniają nauce powiązane wielojęzyczne zasoby – w pierwszym etapie ograniczone do języków trzech grup słowiańskich oraz języka litewskiego. W artykule autorzy przedstawiają bardzo szczegółową informację o zastosowanej po raz pierwszy w literaturze przedmiotu anotacji semantycznej dotyczącej kwantyfikacji zakresowej w wielojęzycznych korpusach równoległych. Z powodu swojego rozległego zakresu i nowatorstwa ta anotacja semantyczna jest nanoszona ręcznie. Identyfikacja poszczególnych wartości kwantyfikacji zakresowej w zdaniu oraz przedstawiane tu próby jej zapisu są poparte wieloletnimi badaniami międzynarodowego zespołu lingwistów i matematyków-informatyków opracowujących zagadnienie kwantyfikacji imion, czasu i aspektu w językach naturalnych.
Trilingual aligned corpus – current state and new applicationsThis article describes current state of a trilingual parallel corpus consisted of texts in two Slavic (Bulgarian and Polish) and one Baltic language (Lithuanian). The corpus contains original literary texts (fiction, novels, and short stories) in one of the three languages with translations to the other two, and texts in other languages translated into Bulgarian, Polish, and Lithuanian. A part of the texts are aligned at the sentence level. The authors propose a semantic annotation of verbs appearing in these aligned texts that will facilitate contrastive studies of natural languages. A theoretical background for the proposed semantic annotation is briefly also discussed.
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