Project studies can become the most important innovative component of education programs in modern society. They allow one to not only improve the professional skills of students, but also develop competencies in the fields of project management and team building. The greatest didactic value is possessed by interdisciplinary and international projects. In the framework of their implementation, a synergistic effect occurs from a combination of methods of different sciences, as well as communications between representatives of different national scientific and educational schools. The success of a project study depends on student motivation. Their participation in setting common goals and developing methods for their achievement is the basis of high motivation. Along with this, the work of teacher-curators, oriented to help in solving emerging problems of a substantial and methodological order, acquires a fundamental role. The lack of project studies is largely due to the high requirements for the teachers involved in it. The tasks of teachers during project training are fundamentally different from those that they perform using other educational methods. This is one of the most temporarily costly and time-consuming forms of training. The study deals with the structural, managerial and didactic features of project study in higher education using as an example scientific and educational projects on labour market studies, which, since 2017, have been jointly carried out by the Moscow State University (MSU) and the University of Applied Labour Studies (UALS), Mannheim.
Social insurance occupies a special place in the entire social policy of the state. Developed system of social insurance in the country provides citizens with effective protection mechanisms and thereby ensures economic stability and creates an atmosphere of social cohesion in society. At present, social insurance systems in Russia and Germany have significant differences that include both the structure and functioning of each type of insurance separately. These differences in the organization of social insurance systems in Russia and Germany are traceable from the very beginning. System of social insurance in modern Russia has been developing to a certain extent inconsistently and to the present time still is not completely formed. The German system developed gradually and improved with regard to the features of the interests of society at various stages of its development. The establishment of the Federal Republic of Germany as a social state determined the modern model of the social insurance system. Therefore, the study of the German model is interesting from the point of view of the subsequent possible introduction of its elements into Russian insurance practice. The article compares social insurance systems of Russia and Germany. The components of the systems are studied; their similarities and differences are revealed. Opinions of experts of the Federal Service for Labor and Employment on the prospects and problems of the development of the Russian model of the social insurance system and the possibility of using the German insurance experience in Russian practice are given.
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