We demonstrate the first (to our knowledge) quasi-three-level conical refraction laser operating at 2 μm, with 1.6 W of output power at 2074 nm, using a holmium-doped KY(WO4)2 crystal. A maximum slope efficiency of 52% has been achieved, along the optic axis with respect to the absorbed pump power. Furthermore, lasing operation around the optic axis has been performed. In this case, a maximum output power of 3 W has been reached, with a slope efficiency better than 70%, which are the best performances ever reported on this material.
We report on the wavelength dependence of the orientation of the optic axes in monoclinic crystals using undoped and neodymium-doped KGd(WO 4 ) 2 (KGW) samples. Measurements have been performed over a wide wavelength range from 420 up to 1,580 nm with more than 70 measurement points. This provides the widest measurement range of the optic axis variation ever reported in literature for KGW crystals. With such a measurement, which can be performed in principle in all biaxial crystals, the refractive indices values can be checked with a precision down to 10 -3.
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