Potential of the Eu:LYB crystal as a laser material for DPSS lasers emitting at 613 nm

Cattoor, Romain; Manek-Hönninger, Inka; Delagnes, Jean-Christophe; Bousquet, Bruno; Petit, Yannick; Jubera, Véronique; Fargues, Alexandre; Veber, Philippe; Velázquez, M.; Garcia, Alain; Mounaix, Patrick; Canioni, Lionel

doi:10.1117/12.907473

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The maximum and minimum absorption cross sections typically corresponding to 30° and 120°, are 6 × 10 −21 cm 2 and 5.14 × 10 −21 cm 2 at 393 nm, respectively. These values are larger than those of Y 1.866 Eu 0.134 O 3 (2.5 × 10 −21 cm 2 ) and of Eu:LYB [2], and less than that of LEB [7].…”

Section: Polarized Absorption Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Because of the threefold (trigonal) or fourfold (tetrahedral) coordination of boron atoms in oxide compounds, borate crystals display a huge variety of structural types, which gives the possibility to select in this family of compounds appropriate materials for chosen applications. Over the past few years, lithium rare earth borates of general formula Li 6 RE(BO 3 ) 3 :RE' (RE = Y,Gd,Lu; RE' = Ce,Eu,Yb) have attracted considerable attention owing to their potential applications in scintillation detectors or laser cavities [1][2][3][4][5], and their high transparency over a broad spectral range (values up to E g = 5 eV are encountered). Li 6 Eu 1-x Gd x (BO 3 ) 3 single crystals are being developed to be shaped and mounted as the core of heat-scintillation cryogenic bolometers (HSCBs) and in new red/orange laser sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, although Y 2 O 3 :Eu 3+ crystals were among the first historical crystals that ever lased [13], Eu 3+ -based laser operation have not been proved since 1963, which is due to the difficulties in pumping the emitting level with efficient, rugged and compact excitation sources. Recent research on Eu 3+ -doped Li 6 Y(BO 3 ) 3 crystals has suggested that such ions could be efficiently pumped by GaN-based laser diodes [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anisotropy of the spectroscopic, optical and thermo-mechanical properties of Li_6Eu_1-xGd_x(BO_3)_3 crystals optimized for heat-scintillation cryogenic bolometers

Belhoucif¹,

Velázquez²,

Petit³

et al. 2014

Opt. Mater. Express

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Optical, spectroscopic and thermo-mechanical properties of monoclinic Li 6 Eu 1-x Gd x (BO 3) 3 (x = 0,0.25,0.35) bulk single crystals, grown to be used in the design of heat-scintillation cryogenic bolometers (HSCBs), were investigated. The linear thermal expansion was determined along the a, b, c and c* directions over the temperature range 303-873 K, and its tensor principal coefficients were calculated for both x = 0.25 and x = 0. In addition, the anisotropic thermal conductivity was measured over the temperature range 20-400 K in Li 6 Eu 0.75 Gd 0.25 (BO 3) 3 (LGEB7, x = 0.25), and the principal components of its tensor at 300 K were established. Spectroscopic properties such as polarized absorption, polarized emission, Raman spectroscopy and optical refractive indices are also reported for the first time. Based on the polarized emission spectra, the line and oscillator strengths, the radiative lifetimes and fluorescent branching ratios were obtained. The intensity parameters Ω λ (λ = 2,4) were obtained and then predicted via the Judd-Ofelt theory. The crystal field parameters and the 7 F 1 level splitting were discussed using the simple overlap model (SOM) and the method of equivalent nearest neighbours (MENN). The 613 nm emission originates from the 5 D 0 → 7 F 2 transition and the associated stimulated emission peak cross section reaches its maximum value in π-polarization, ≈1.07 × 10 −20 cm 2 in LGEB7. The thermomechanical characterizations and spectroscopic analysis in LGEB7 suggest that this crystal has better optical properties than the Eu 3+-doped Li 6 Y(BO 3) 3 crystals. However, its potential for solid-state laser applications is still quite speculative, unless a clever thermo-mechanical management of the crystal under laser operation is designed.

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Section: Polarized Absorption Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anisotropy of the spectroscopic, optical and thermo-mechanical properties of Li_6Eu_1-xGd_x(BO_3)_3 crystals optimized for heat-scintillation cryogenic bolometers

Belhoucif¹,

Velázquez²,

Petit³

et al. 2014

Opt. Mater. Express

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“…Such probing could thus enable the local characterization of DLW, potentially doubling the speed of data reading due to single-beam dual-voxel probing, in information storage applications. In the case of the potential laser crystal LYB:Eu [42], such a two-photon fluorescence technique could help for the observation of material ageing in order to anticipate any optical breakdown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-photon excited fluorescence in the LYB:Eu monoclinic crystal: towards a new scheme of single-beam dual-voxel direct laser writing in crystals

Petit¹,

Royon²,

Marquestaut³

et al. 2013

Opt. Express

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We report on two-photon excited fluorescence in the oriented Eu(3+)doped LYB monoclinic crystal under femtosecond laser tight focusing. Due to spatial walk-off, the two polarization modes of the incident femtosecond beam simultaneously provide the independent excitation of two distinct focuses, leading to a single-beam dual-voxel nonlinear excitation of fluorescence below material modification threshold. These observations emphasize on the anisotropy of both two-photon absorption as well as fluorescence emission. They demonstrate the localized control of the nonlinear energy deposit, thanks to the adjustment of both the input power and polarization, by properly balancing the injected energy in each voxel. Such approach should be considered for future direct laser writing of waveguides in propagation directions out of the dielectric axes, so as to optimally cope with the highly probable anisotropy of laser-induced material modification thresholds in these crystals. These results open new ways for further potential developments in direct laser writing as the simultaneous inscription of double-line structures for original waveguides processes.

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“…Since the LYB:Eu is a potential laser crystal [10], these observations are of strong interest when considering possibilities to tune both structural and optical properties of this material by direct laser writing, especially for weaker crystal modifications related to waveguide writing for laser amplification applications [11][12][13][14][15]. Moreover, since such crystal is a low symmetry crystal, intensity thresholds for laser-induced modifications should significantly depend on the considered crystal orientation [16].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman and fluorescence correlative microscopy in polarized light to probe local femtosecond laser-induced amorphization of the doped monoclinic crystal LYB:Eu

Marquestaut

Dussauze²,

Petit³

et al. 2013

MATEC Web of Conferences

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An endless increasing number of laser/material interaction studies above laser-induced modification thresholds have been carried out over the past decade, either for undesirable laser-induced damages, for example in high power laser systems in relation with material ageing and material optical quality, or for profitable laser-induced alteration from direct laser writing (DLW) techniques. DLW is at the root of many applications such as the fabrication of micro-capillaries for micro-fluidics issues, waveguide writing, optical memories, etc... New functionalities based on enhanced optical property modifications can further be developed by tailoring the material chemical composition with photosensitive agents, in order to improve its interaction with the writing laser [1]. Thus, for the laserinduced linear properties, DLW can lead to plasmonic enhancement from nanoparticles [2], fluorescence from metallic clusters [3] or oxidation degree modifications of rare earth ions [4]. For the nonlinear properties, second-harmonic generation (either from locally buried electric field [5] or from locally laser-induced micro-crystallization [6]) or third-harmonic generation [7] can be obtained.Most of the studies are related to isotropic material modifications (density change, oxidation degree changes, local crystallization, etc...) [1] while much less refer to laser-induced modifications inside crystals, being isotropic [8] or not [9]. Still, laser-induced modifications inside a crystal matrix are promising research topics for perennial optical devices and applications, thanks to the intrinsic stability of the crystalline matrix arrangement, but also for waveguide applications for efficient laser and Raman amplification as well as for frequency conversion. Generally, laser-induced modifications lead to local index change, local melt, local amorphization or even local recrystallization, giving rise to differential optical properties with respect to the non-irradiated bulk matrix.In this work, we have studied the local modification induced by a femtosecond (fs) near infrared NIR laser on a monoclinic crystal matrix LYB, highly doped with Eu 3+ rare earth ions. Thanks to point-bypoint optical mapping in both Raman and fluorescence micro-spectroscopy in polarized light, we report on the local changes corresponding to partial amorphization of the LYB:Eu crystal, resulting to significant reshaping of the spectral properties in polarized light. The optical specificities of lowsymmetry crystal optics were properly taken into account, to provide meaningful interpretation of the modified Raman and fluorescence spectra. Strong laser-induced amorphization of the crystal matrix have been evidenced. An accurate characterization of the spectral variations of spatial distribution have shown (i) an homogeneous degree of amorphization within a volume at least two times larger than the laser-structuring voxel, and (ii) a variation of density within the amorphous region.Such study shows that both Raman and fluorescence spectroscopies are relevant ...

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Potential of the Eu:LYB crystal as a laser material for DPSS lasers emitting at 613 nm

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

Anisotropy of the spectroscopic, optical and thermo-mechanical properties of Li_6Eu_1-xGd_x(BO_3)_3 crystals optimized for heat-scintillation cryogenic bolometers

Anisotropy of the spectroscopic, optical and thermo-mechanical properties of Li_6Eu_1-xGd_x(BO_3)_3 crystals optimized for heat-scintillation cryogenic bolometers

Two-photon excited fluorescence in the LYB:Eu monoclinic crystal: towards a new scheme of single-beam dual-voxel direct laser writing in crystals

Raman and fluorescence correlative microscopy in polarized light to probe local femtosecond laser-induced amorphization of the doped monoclinic crystal LYB:Eu

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