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Successful delivery of the United Nations sustainable development goals and implementation of the Paris Agreement requires technologies that utilize a wide range of minerals in vast quantities. Metal recycling and technological change will contribute to sustaining supply, but mining must continue and grow for the foreseeable future to ensure that such minerals remain available to industry. New links are needed between existing institutional frameworks to oversee responsible sourcing of minerals, trajectories for mineral exploration, environmental practices, and consumer awareness of the effects of consumption. Here we present, through analysis of a comprehensive set of data and demand forecasts, an interdisciplinary perspective on how best to ensure ecologically viable continuity of global mineral supply over the coming decades.

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The Menderes Massif covers large areas in western Turkey. The better understanding of its tectono-metamorphic history would provide insight for the Alpine evolution of western Turkey and the entire eastern Mediterranean region. This paper summarizes the available literature on the metamorphic rocks of western Turkey and that of the Menderes Massif with special reference and emphasis to the papers presented in the special issue.

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Major discoveries in metamorphic petrology, as well as other geological disciplines, have been made in the Alps. The regional distribution of Late Cretaceous–Tertiary metamorphic conditions, documented in post-Hercynian metasediments across the entire Alpine belt from Corsica–Tuscany in the west to Vienna in the east, is presented in this paper. In view of the uneven distribution of information, we concentrate on type and grade of metamorphism; and we elected to distinguish between metamorphic paths where either pressure and temperature peaked simultaneously, or where the maximum temperature was reached at lower pressures, after a significant temperature increase on the decompression path.The results show which types of process caused the main metamorphic imprint: a subduction process in the western Alps, a collision process in the central Alps, and complex metamorphic structures in the eastern Alps, owing to a complex geodynamic and metamorphic history involving the succession of the two types of process. The western Alps clearly show a relatively simple picture, with an internal (high-pressure dominated) part thrust over an external greenschist to low-grade domain, although both metamorphic domains are structurally very complex. Such a metamorphic pattern is generally produced by subduction followed by exhumation along a cool decompression path. In contrast, the central Alps document conditions typical of subduction (and partial accretion), followed by an intensely evolved collision process, often resulting in a heating event during the decompression path of the early-subducted units. Subduction-related relics and (collisional/decompressional) heating phenomena in different tectonic edifices characterize the Tertiary evolution of the Eastern Alps. The Tuscan and Corsica terrains show two different kinds of evolution, with Corsica resembling the western Alps, whereas the metamorphic history in the Tuscan domain is complex owing to the late evolution of the Apennines. This study confirms that careful analysis of the metamorphic evolution of metasediments at the scale of an entire orogen may change the geodynamic interpretation of mountain belts.

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The distribution of oceanic domains and continental blocks in Central Anatolia remains a challenge in understanding the Alpine geodynamic evolution of the Tethys realm. The consumption of a Neotethys oceanic branch at the Mesozoic‐Cenozoic boundary welded the Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex in central Turkey and the Anatolide‐Tauride Block in western Turkey, with the northerly Eurasian margin. Whether those two regions constituted a single or two distinct continental masses is still matter of debate. High‐pressure metamorphism has been locally evidenced in the Afyon Zone, which was, however, defined as a greenschist‐facies metamorphic zone of the Anatolide‐Tauride Block. Since the Afyon Zone composes a metamorphic equivalent of a continental margin exposed far south of the Izmir‐Ankara suture zone, this encouraged us to reevaluate its metamorphic evolution in order to better understand the relation between western and central Turkey. Our investigations reveal that the high‐pressure minerals Fe‐Mg‐carpholite and glaucophane are present in the entire Afyon Zone, which we reconsider as a blueschist‐facies zone. We additionally present a tectonic reconstruction, stripping off the postcollisional tectonics. It reveals that today's bending of the high‐pressure belt is consistent with an Eocene collision of the Anatolide‐Tauride Block around the southern edge of the Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex. We argue that the Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex and the Anatolide‐Tauride Block were two distinct continental masses separated by a Neotethyan oceanic stripe, the closure of which engendered subduction‐related metamorphism in the latter and arc volcanism and high‐grade metamorphism in the former by late Cretaceous to early Cenozoic.