Abstract. The current article is focused at efflorescence formation and durability of brick masonry. The chemical and phase composition, microstructure of efflorescence on brick and masonry mortar on exterior walls of buildings are studied. Improved properties of brick masonry for external walls of buildings are achieved by the use of masonry mortar based on multi-component cement, which contains zeolite. It is shown that the use of multi-component cement with low clinker content in the mortar reduces the content of calcium hydroxide and SO 3 . It is determined that synergistic combination of mineral additives of different groups with substantial reduction of cement clinker in cements containing zeolite, improves durability of brick masonry without efflorescence formation. Physic-chemical modification of mortar by complex air-entraining admixture allows obtaining high-quality modified mortars with improved quality parameters. The surface modification of ceramic bricks by silicon and acrylic compounds provides protection and durability of brick masonry of buildings and structure walls.
The effect of sodium aluminate activator on properties of the Portland-composite cement (clinker factor 65 %) was studied and the results are being discussed. It is shown that the introduction of sodium aluminate (Na[Al(OH)4]) leads to an increase in the water demand of cement and a decrease in its strength. The results showed that the sodium aluminate and polycarboxylate ether (PCE) admixtures ensure the production of higher strength cements. It has been found that the addition of Na[Al(OH)4] – PCE significantly increases the compressive strength of cement mortar, particularly at 10–48 h of hydration. XRD and SEM measurements confirm that the hydration of composite cement with the addition of Na[Al(OH)4] – PCE is greatly accelerated by the way of formation of intense lines ettringite. It has been shown that the introduction of a sodium aluminate into the cement mortars allows to accelerate hardening and increase early strength and using of composite cement will provide improved performance and suitability. The results have shown that alkaline accelerator and polycarboxylate were effective for decrease shrinkage of composite cements.
ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЕКСПЛУАТАЦІЙНИХ ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ ЦЕГЛЯНОЇ КЛАДКИ ЗОВНІШНІХ СТІН ОГОРОДЖУВАЛЬНИХ КОНСТРУКЦІЙ У статті розглянуто проблему підвищення експлуатаційних властивостей цегляної кладки зовнішніх стін. Показано, що модифікування поверхні керамічної лицьової цегли та будівельного розчину гідрофобізуючими речовинами дозволяє ущільнити структуру за рахунок кольматування пор і мікротріщин та забезпечує зниження капілярного підтягування кладки. Встановлено, що покращені експлуатаційні властивості та зменшення висолоутворення цегляної кладки зовнішніх стін досягаються за рахунок застосування будівельних розчинів на основі спеціального мурувального цементу ЦБР 300 (МС 22,5Х) та модифікаторів пластифікуюче-повітровтягувальної дії. Ключові слова: цегляна кладка, керамічна цегла, будівельний розчин, капілярне підтягування, висолоутворення.
The effectiveness of the influence of modifying substances on the properties of ceramic facing brick and masonry surface for decorative external walls is considered in the article. X-ray diffraction and spectral analysis showed that sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate and syngenite are the salt effloresces from the ceramic brick surface. It is established that polymeric one-component coatings based on siloxanes are not effective, especially under the action of alternating temperatures. Studies have shown that the improvement of the performance properties of ceramic facing brick increase due to the surface coating by nano-liquids with the addition of nano-Al 2 O 3 . The surface modification of the ceramic facing brick by hydrophobic nano-liquids allows sealing the structure due to the colmatation of pores, which reduces the capillary tightening of the masonry. It also leads to increased weather resistance and frost resistance of masonry. It is established that the surface protection of brick structures with hydrophobic nano substances provides a decrease in the porosity, increase the water resistance and durability. This allows to confirm the relevance of the revealed influence of the modifiers on the formation of properties and the practical attractiveness of the proposed technological solutions.
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