This study examines Ibn Khaldun's economic ideas from the perspective of a socio-historical approach. The economic concepts of Ibn Khaldun have been widely cited as references by scholars and academicians all around the world. This article's research approach is library research because it concentrates on the figure of someone who has contributed to science through his works, which have been used as references by future generations. Based on the findings and discussions of Ibn Khaldun's thoughts on Islamic economics, it is decided that Ibn Khaldun is one of the Islamic philosophers who focuses on Islamic economic knowledge, with his major work being the Al-Muqaddimah. According to Ibn Khaldun's socio-historical approach to Islamic economics 1) Economic motives come from humans' boundless needs, while the things that can satisfy those demands are quite restricted; 2) In the field of economics, gold and silver are employed as benchmarks, namely as a means of exchange and evaluating prices, as a value of effort; secondly, as a method of communication, such as foreign exchange; and thirdly, as a savings instrument in banks. 3) A prosperous country is defined not by the amount of money it has, but by its level of production and a favorable balance of payments; 4) The connection between social and economic phenomena characterizes the socio-historical approach, with economic phenomena playing a critical role in the evolution of culture and having a substantial impact on the existence and growth of the state (daulah).Keywords: Ibn Khaldun; Economic Thought; Socio-Historical ApproachAbstrakPenelitian ini membahas pemikiran ekonomi Islam Ibnu Khaldun yang ditinjau dari pendekatan sosio historis dimana pemikiran ibnu khaldun tentang ekonomi, ini cukup banyak dijadikan rujukan oleh para peneliti dan akademisi dunia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam artikel ini menggunakan library research, karena yang dibahas adalah ketokohan seseorang yang telah berkontribusi dalam ilmu pengetahuan melalui karya-karyanya yang telah dijadikan referensi oleh generasi selanjutnya. Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan tentang pemikiran ibnu khaldun terkait kajian ekonomi Islam disimpulkan bahwa Ibnu Khaldun merupakan salah satu tokoh filsuf Islam yang konsen dalam keilmuan ekonomi Islam dengan karya monumentalnya adalah Al-Muqoddimah. Corak pemikiran Ibnu Khaldun tentang ekonomi Islam dengan pendekatan sosio historis diantaranya: 1) motif ekonomi timbul karena hasrat manusia yang tidak terbatas, sedangkan barang-barang yang akan memuaskan kebutuhannya itu sangat terbatas; 2) emas dan perak dijadikan tolok ukur dunia perekonomian, yakni pertama, menjadi alat penukar dan pengukur harga, sebagai nilai usaha; kedua, menjadi alat perhubungan, seperti deviezen; dan ketiga, menjadi alat simpanan di bank; 3) Negara yang kaya tidaklah diukur dari banyaknya uang yang dimilikinya tetapi ditentukan berdasarkan tingkat produksi dan neraca pembayaran positif; 4) Pendekatan sosio historis ditandai dengan adanya fenomena sosial dengan fenomena lainnya yang saling berkaitan dimana fenomena ekonomis, memainkan peran penting dalam perkembangan kebudayaan, dan mempunyai dampak yang besar atas eksistensi negara (daulah) dan perkembangannya.Kata kunci: Ibnu Khaldun; Pemikiran Ekonomi; Pendekatan Sosio Historis
Radicalism has the potential to become more widespread in a younger generation of Muslims who are too textual, exclusive, extreme and uncritical. Their ethos of struggle has created a momentum to contest radical ideologies of Islamic radicals. This study investigates the potential for the radicalisation of Islamic students in Indonesia and formulates an approach of integrating national and religious values to mitigate the potential for radicalism. A qualitative research approach is used, and data were collected by distributing questionnaires to Indonesian Islamic student activists. Interviews were also conducted with experts to strengthen secondary sources of information. The results show that the potential for Islamic student to be exposed to radical activists is high. Through categorisation, interpretation and analysis, it was found that the concepts and spread of radicalism were more influenced by religious interpretations than social tolerance factors. In addition, the religious nationalist approach is formulated based on religious terminology and religious narratives.Contribution: This research contributes by assisting colleges’ efforts in building a detection system and mitigating the risk of student radicalism through a religious nationalist approach.
Murder in the Islamic criminal law including jarimah qishas-diyat, namely jarimah punishable by qishas (punishment commensurate/proportional) Keywords: Islamic Criminal Law, murder, and equality law AbstrakPembunuhan dalam hukum pidana Islam termasuk jarimah qishasdiyat, yaitu jarimah yang diancam dengan hukuman qishas (hukuman sepadan/sebanding) atau hukuman diyat (denda/ganti rugi), yang sudah ditentukan batasan hukumannya, namun dikategorikan sebagai hak adami (manusia/perorangan), di mana pihak korban ataupun keluarganya dapat memaafkan pelaku, sehingga hukuman (qishas-diyat) bisa hapus sama sekali, karena dalam qishas ada pemberian hak bagi keluarga korban untuk berperan sebagai "lembaga pemaaf", mereka bisa meminta haknya untuk memaafkan atau tidak memaafkan terhadap perbuatan pelaku tindak pidana. Menurut ulama" salaf bahwa kebijakan hukuman yang diberikan
<p>Al-Qur’an and Sunnah, needs of understanding and extracting optimally, so that the contents of law can be applied for the benefit of people. The way- to understand and to extract the contents in these two sources- called <em>ijtihād</em>. Thus, <em>ijtihād</em> is needed on <em>istinbāṭ</em> of law from many arguments of the texts (<em>naṣ</em>), eventhough it is <em>qaṭ’ī</em> in which the uṣūliyyūn have agreed that it is not the area for re-extracting to the law (<em>ijtihādiyyah</em>). The problem in this case is that even a <em>qaṭ’ī</em> argument according to the most of uṣūliyyūn has not been <em>qaṭ’ī</em> argument in the other <em>uṣūliyyūn</em> opinion. Reconstruction of <em>ijtihād</em> becomes an alternative, with some considerations: <em>First</em>, weight and tightening the requirements to become a mujtahid, which is almost impossible controlled by someone at the present time; <em>Second</em>, the increasing complexity of the problems faced by the ummat which is very urgent to get the solution; <em>Third</em>, let the period without <em>ijtihād</em> (vacuum of mujtahid) is contrary to the basic principles of Islamic law are always <em>sāliḥ li kulli</em> <em>zamān wa makān</em>. This paper present to discuss further about the urgency of the reconstruction of <em>ijtihād</em> in the challenge of modernity.</p><p>***</p><p>Al-Qur<ins cite="mailto:hasan" datetime="2015-02-17T11:11">’</ins>an maupun <ins cite="mailto:hasan" datetime="2015-02-17T11:11">s</ins>unnah sangat membutuhkan pemahaman dan penggalian secara optimal agar isi kandungan hukumnya dapat diterapkan bagi kemaslahatan umat. Cara untuk menggali dan mengeluarkan isi kandungan yang ada dalam kedua sumber tersebut dinamakan <em>ijtihād</em>. <em>Ijtihād</em> sangat dibutuhkan pada setiap <em>isti<ins cite="mailto:muthohar" datetime="2015-01-29T05:30">n</ins><del cite="mailto:muthohar" datetime="2015-01-29T05:30"></del>bāṭ </em>hukum dari dalil <em>naṣ</em>, sekalipun dalil <em>naṣ</em> tersebut bersifat <em>qaṭ'ī</em> yang oleh para <em>uṣūliyyūn</em> sudah disepakati tidak menjadi wilayah untuk dijitihadi lagi. Permasalahannya adalah bahwa sesuatu dalil <em>naṣ</em> yang sudah bersifat <em>qaṭ'ī</em> sekalipun oleh sebagian besar <em>uṣūliyyūn</em>, belum tentu dipandang <em>qaṭ'ī</em> oleh sebagian <em>uṣūliyyūn</em> yang lain. Rekonstruksi <em>ijtihād</em> menjadi sebuah alternatif, dengan beberapa pertimbangan: <em>Pertama</em>, berat dan ketatnya persyaratan-persyaratan menjadi seorang mujtahid, yang hampir tidak mungkin dikuasai oleh seseorang pada masa sekarang; <em>Kedua</em>, semakin kompleksnya permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh ummat yang sangat mendesak untuk mendapatkan solusi; <em>Ketiga</em>, membiarkan satu periode tanpa <em>ijtihād</em> (kevakuman mujtahid) adalah bertentangan dengan prinsip dasar hukum Islam yang selalu <em>sāliḥ li kulli zamān wa makān. </em>Tulisan ini hadir untuk mendiskusikan lebih jauh tentang urgensi rekonstruksi <em>ijtihād</em> dalam menghadapi tantangan modernitas.</p><p>***</p><p>Keywords: <em>ijtihād</em><em>, qaṭ'ī, ẓannī</em><em>, uṣūl al-fiqh</em></p>
This research tries to know the influence of work type and level of education to divorce in Religious Court of Semarang Year 2015. This type of research is field research that is quantitative and qualitative in nature. The quantitative approach, which is to find out the relationship and differences in the variables influence the type of work, and the level of education to the occurrence of divorce in the Semarang Religious Court in 2015. While the qualitative data approach is used as an analysis material from quantitative results. The result of first hypothesis in this research is accepted that society having background of work type non-state civil apparatus will tend to easier to divorce, while people with a background of the type of work as state civil apparatus servants tend to be better able to control themselves from divorce, because the variables not in the equation score 6.512 with a significance level of 0.011 smaller than 0.05 (0.011 <0.05). The second hypothesis is accepted that people with with elementary and secondary will tend to be easier to divorce, while those with higher education will tend to be better able to control themselves from divorce because the variables not in the equation score of 5,738 with significance level of 0.017 less than 0.05 (0.017 <0.05); and the third hypothesis is also accepted that people with background of non-state civil apparatus and elementary and secondary will tend to be easier to divorce, whereas people with background types of work as State civil apparatus and higher education will tend to be more able to control themselves from divorce, because the variables not in the equation scores are 10.861 with a significance level of 0.004 smaller than 0.05 (0.004 <0.05).
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