Objective:To study the prevalence of health disorders among computer professionals and its association with working environment conditions.Study design:Cross sectional.Materials and Methods:A sample size of 200 computer professionals, from Delhi and NCR which included software developers, call centre workers, and data entry workers.Result:The prevalence of visual problems in the study group was 76% (152/200), and musculoskeletal problems were reported by 76.5% (153/200). It was found that there was a gradual increase in visual complaints as the number of hours spent for working on computers daily increased and the same relation was found to be true for musculoskeletal problems as well. Visual problems were less in persons using antiglare screen, and those with adequate lighting in the room. Musculoskeletal problems were found to be significantly lesser among those using cushioned chairs and soft keypad.Conclusion:A significant proportion of the computer professionals were found to be having health problems and this denotes that the occupational health of the people working in the computer field needs to be emphasized as a field of concern in occupational health.
P-selectin, an adhesion molecule, is encoded by SELP and known as biomarker of endothelial as well as platelet dysfunction. SELP polymorphisms (rs6136, rs6127, and rs6125) and raised levels of soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) have been associated with several disease conditions. The present study was aimed to determine the association of SELP variants and sP-selectin levels as well as vascular risk in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. The frequency of rs6136, rs6127, and rs6125 was assessed by restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR). sP-selectin levels were measured using commercially available kits. Haplotypes were constructed using PHASE software. The data obtained from the above-said analyses was subjected to suitable statistical analyses. sP-selectin levels (ng/ml) were significantly higher in patients as compared to controls (p < 0.001). Out of total, 22% of patients were found to have very high vascular risk, 43.2% with high vascular risk, while 34.4% with moderate vascular risk. For both rs6136 and rs6127, frequency of variant allele was found to be significantly higher in patients as compared to controls and accounted for 2.4- and 1.5-fold risk of disease development, respectively. CAG was found to be associated with 4.5-fold risk towards disease development. In contrast, AGG was conferring the protective effect. Significantly high sP-levels were observed in patients with homozygous wild genotype of rs6136, all genotypes of rs6127, and heterozygous genotype of rs6125 as compared to respective controls. Significant difference was observed in P-selectin levels within moderate-risk category for rs6136. When compared between the categories, significant difference was observed for rs6136 and rs6127. Furthermore, patients with haplotypes AAA, AGA, and AGG were found to have significantly high sP-selectin levels as compared to controls. Significant difference in sP-selectin levels was observed within very high-risk as well as high-risk category. When compared between the categories, significant difference was observed for AGA and AGG haplotypes. The studied polymorphisms of SELP have shown significant association with sP-selectin levels as well as vascular risk in T2DM patients.
Chemokines are small inducible pro-inflammatory cytokines. In the present study, we tested association of chemokine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) viz., CCR5∆32, CXCL12G801A and CXCR2C1208T genes in bladder cancer (BC) patients and normal healthy controls of north Indians. Genotyping of the above SNPs were done in 200 BC cases and 200 healthy controls, using RFLP and amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction methodology. A significant association was found in CXCL12G801A with BC risk. In case of CXCL12G801A polymorphism, the heterozygous (GA) genotype showed significantly high risk (p < 0.001, odds ratio (OR) = 2.72), whereas A allele carrier (GA + AA) also showed risk with BC (p < 0.001, OR = 2.44). In CXCR2C1208T polymorphism, the variant genotype (TT) showed significant risk for BC (p = 0.028, OR = 1.58). The variant allele (T) of CXCR2C1208T polymorphism was found to be associated with BC risk (p = 0.003, OR = 1.29). Interestingly, smoking was also found to modulate 1.16-fold risks for BC in case of CXCR2C1208T, variant genotype (TT). Upon analyzing the gene-gene interaction between CXCR2C1208T and CXCL12G801A, the combination CT-GA showed 4-fold risk for BC (p = 0.009). Our results indicated that polymorphism in CXCR2C1208T and CXCL12G801A showed high risk for BC in north Indian population. However, CCR5∆32 exhibited no association. Study with large sample size and diverse ethnicity are required to validate these observations.
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