An important issue in the history of ecology has been the study of the relative importance of deterministic forces and processes noise in shaping the dynamics of ecological populations. We address this question by exploring the temporal dynamics of two childhood infections, measles and whooping cough, in England and Wales. We demonstrate that epidemics of whooping cough are strongly influenced by stochasticity; fully deterministic approaches cannot achieve even a qualitative fit to the observed data. In contrast, measles dynamics are extremely well explained by a deterministic model. These differences are shown to be caused by their contrasting responses to dynamical noise due to different infectious periods.
Few age-structured models of species dynamics incorporate variability and uncertainty in population processes. Motivated by laboratory data for an insect and its parasitoid, we investigate whether such assumptions are appropriate when considering the population dynamics of a single species and its interaction with a natural enemy. Specifically, we examine the effects of developmental variability and demographic stochasticity on different types of cyclic dynamics predicted by traditional models. We show that predictions based on the deterministic fixed-development approach are differentially sensitive to variability and noise in key life stages. In particular, we find that the demonstration of half-generation cycles in the single-species model and the multigeneration cycles in the host-parasitoid model are sensitive to the introduction of developmental variability and noise, whereas generation cycles are robust to the intrinsic variability and uncertainty that may be found in nature.
Ayah atau suami memiliki peran yang sangat strategis dalam proses pemberian ASI, beberapa studi menunjukkan bahwa ayah berperan dalam mempengaruhi keputusan untuk menyusui, inisiasi praktek menyusui dan lamanya pemberian ASI. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana peran suami dalam merawat anak pada waktu istri menyusui ekslusif di wilayah kerja BPM Bismirawati Palembang. Desain penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi, sampel penelitian ini 4 partisipan dan 1 informan kunci yang didapatkan menggunakan teknik wawancara mendalam. Dari wawancara yang dilakukan pada suami yang memberikan dukungan pada istri waktu menyusui sebagai partisipan dan Psikolog sebagai infroman kunci didapatkan informasi bahwa Tn”M” memberikan dukungan dengan cara membantu pekerjaan istri dan mengurus anak untuk keberhasilan istri dalam pemberian asi , Tn”A” memberikan dukungan dengan cara membantu mengurus anak pada waktu istri menyusui ekslusif untuk keberhasilan menyusui, Tn”S” memberikan dukungan pada istri untuk kelancaran menyusui dengan cara ikut serta mengurus anak dan Tn”S” memberikan dukungan dengan cara membantu istri mengurus anak dan memperhatikan nutrisi istri waktu istri menyusui. Artinya bidan telah memberikan sosialisasi tentang pentingnya pemberian ASI dengan baik sehingga masyarakat mau memberikan ASI kepada anaknya sampai umur yang telah ditentukan. Diharapkan kepada tenaga kesehatan khususnya bidan lebih proaktif dalam melakukan penyuluhan kepada masyarakat tentang bagaimana pentingnya pemberian ASI pada bayi, karena ASI sangat banyak manfaatnya baik untuk ibu maupun untuk bayinya.
This study aims to determine the improvement of learning outcomes of biology students through the Modification of the Model Problem Solving Learning Approach With Offline in class X SMK Swasta Az Zahra Sonomartani. Types of quantitative research through the method of Non-equialent Control Group Design. The population used in this study 1 class i.e. class X Computer Engineering and Networks that learned by a Modification of the Model Problem Solving Learning Approach Offline. Data collection in this study using the test, as well as the technique of data analysis used t-Test. The results of the test shows the average value of the pretest of the 34 students in the class that learned Modification of the Model Problem Solving Learning Approach with Offline namely 46,24 with a standard deviation of 7,897 and on the class that learned Modification of the Model Problem Solving Learning approach with Offline of 34 students from the average value of posttest of 73,56 with a standard deviation of 3,230. Berdasrakan the results of hypothesis testing using independent t-test was calculated using IBM SPSS Stastics Version 20 for windows was obtained tcount > ttable that is (2,833 > 1,671) so it can be concluded that there is an increase in learning outcomes of biology by using a modification of the model Problem Solving learning approach with offline in class X SMK Swasta Az Zahra Sonomartani.
Perencanaan melahirkan dan kesiapan mengatasi komplikasi disebut dengan Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness merupakan cara untuk memotivasi pada wanita hamil dan keluarganya untuk mempersiapakan diri dan merencanakan persalinan jika ada keadaan darurat. Diketahui Pengaruh Konseling Tingkat Kecemasan Terhadap pengetahuan persiapan persalinan pada ibu primigravida dimasa pandemi Covid-19 di PMB Soraya, Palembang Tahun 2021. Diharapkan hasil penelitian dapat digunakan sebagai informasi yang bermanfaat dan bahan penelitian lainnya. Desain penelitian inipre Experimen, pendekatan one group pretest-postest design. Hasil dapat dilihat bahwa rata-rata (mean) pengetahuan persiapan persalinan sebelum konseling tingkat kecemasan 2,77 dengan standar deviasi 0,43, sedangkan rata-rata (mean) pengetahuan persiapan persalinan sesudah konseling tingkat kecemasan 1,60 dengan standar deviasi 0,498 dengan demikian ada peningkatan pengetahuan persiapan persalinan pada ibu setelah diberikan konseling tingkat kecemasan dengan selisih nilai rata-rata (mean) 2,77 – 1,60=1,17. Hasil uji statistik didapatkan nilai p = 0,000 < 0,05 berarti ada pengaruh konseling tingkat kecemasan terhadap pengetahuan persiapan persalinan pada ibu hamil primigravida di masa pandemi Covid-19.
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