<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic otitis media (COM) is the inflammation of the middle ear, which is characterised by ear discharge due to tympanic membrane perforation, at least for over a month. The inflammation is due to the underlying infection, due to which the middle ear mucosa gets inflamed, leading to discharge and eventual perforation of the tympanic membrane. The aim of the study was to study the microbial flora and its culture and sensitivity from ear discharge in chronic otitis media.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Total of 100 ears with either mucosal COM or squamosal COM were included in this study. Patients coming to the outpatient department (OPD) with discharging ear were subjected to aural suctioning/cleaning with the use of bulls eye lamp. After cleaning the external auditory canal, sterile aural speculum were introduced into the EAC, creating a sterile conduit. Following this, middle ear discharge or the discharge around the tympanic membrane was collected using sterile cotton swabs and sent for laboratory within half an hour for mycological and bacteriological study.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results: </strong>Majority of patients were in an age group of 10-20 years, followed by age group of 21-30 years. The male to female ratio was 4.7:5.3. Out of the 100 swabs sent for culture and sensitivity, 6 swabs had no growth whereas <em>Pseudomonas aeroginosa </em>was the highest isolated organism (36 swabs), followed by <em>Proteus mirabilis </em>(23 swabs). Aerobic infection was the commonest, isolated in 47.9% of culture positive swabs. Polymyxin B was the most sensitive antibiotic, whereas cefotaxime was the most resistant antibiotic.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>and <em>Proteus mirabilis </em>are the main bacteria isolated in mucosal COM. There is development of drug resistance in the majority of bacteria in chronic otitis media, due to excessive usage of antibiotics, making the treatment much difficult.</p>

Background: Mucosal type of chronic otitis media is a condition characterized by a central perforation of the tympanic membrane with or without ossicular chain involvement. The perforation is in the pars tensa, and is mostly sequelae to an earlier attack of acute otitis media. The tympanic membrane perforation may be caused by chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) or following trauma, mostly resulting in hearing loss. Aim: To compare the hearing outcome in patients undergoing type one tympanoplasty using temporalis fascia versus patients undergoing type one tympanoplasty using fascia lata graft. Method: Patients with mucosal chronic suppurative otitis media were chosen from the OPD or outpatient department of otorhinolaryngology at Dr. DY Patil Hospital; between May 2019 and April 2021. This prospective study includes 50 patients out of which 25 patients were operated for myringoplasty with temporalis fascia and other 25 patients were operated for myringoplasty with fascia lata graft. Pre-operative and post-operative hearing assessment was done by audiometry (AB gap) and improvement in PTA findings were compared. Results: There is a significant improvement in AB gap in patients undergoing type one tympanoplasty with tensor fascia lata as compared to those who underwent the same surgery but with temporalis fascia. Conclusion: As observed by our study, significant improvement in AB gap in patients undergoing type 1 tympanoplasty with tensor fascia lata as compared to those who underwent the same surgery but with temporalis fascia was present. Thus, it can be suggested to perform type one tympanoplasty with tensor fascia lata for better improvement in AB gap.

Introduction: CSOM is the common chronic infectious disease and is considered the leading cause of acquired hearing loss. Hearing loss is a public health problem in developed and developing countries. Material and methods: A prospective cohort observational study on 100 Cases in two groups of 50 each who had safe CSOM and 50 Unsafe CSOM conducted over a period of

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