This paper communicates the results of research in the area of the History of School Subjects, the object of which is the way the theme of the First World War has been depicted in textbooks used in Brazil and abroad. A premise of this study is that textbooks are important tools in school life, contributing to the vision students have of the world. As such, five different textbooks used in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and the United Kingdom were analyzed. It was observed that there was predominance of a narrative based on the explanatory triad -antecedents, development, and consequences; emphasis on an androcentric discourse, backed up with great names and deeds, with a Eurocentric bias; and dissonance in the interpretations made in the books analyzed, and only in the British book did the conflict occur as a result of an accident. Keywords: history of school subjects, textbook, First World War. Resumen Se trata de la comunicación de resultados de investigación en el ámbito de la Historia de las Disciplinas Escolares, cuyo objeto se refirió a la forma como el tema de la Primera Guerra Mundial fue abordado en libros didácticos utilizados en Brasil y en el exterior. Se partió de la idea de que los libros didácticos son importantes herramientas en el cotidiano escolar, con contribución para que los estudiantes construyan sus visiones de mundo. Para esto, fueron analizados cinco diferentes libros didácticos de Historia, que han sido utilizados en Argentina, en Brasil, en Chile, en México y en el Reino Unido. Se constató que hubo: predominancia de una narrativa basada en la triada explicativa -antecedentes, desarrollo y consecuencias; énfasis en un discurso androcéntrico, sustentado en los grandes nombres y hechos, con un sesgo eurocéntrico; disonancia en las interpretaciones construidas en los libros analizados, siendo que apenas en el británico, el conflicto ocurrió como resultado de un accidente. Palabras-clave: historia de las disciplinas escolares, libro didáctico, Primera Guerra Mundial. LA PREMIÈRE GUERRE MONDIALE DANS L'ÉCRITURE DES MANUELS D'HISTOIRE (ARGENTINE, BRÉSIL, CHILI, MEXIQUE ET ROYAUME-UNI) RésuméIl s'agit de la communication des résultats de la recherche dans le cadre de l'histoire des disciplines scolaires dont l'objet s'est rapporté à la façon comme le thème de la premère guerre mondiale a été traité dans les manuels utilisés au Brésil et à l'étranger. On a démarré par l'idée de que les manuels sont des outils importants dans le quotidien scolaire, avec sa contribution pour qui les étudiants construisaient ses visions de monde. À cette fin, cinc manuels d'histoire différents qui ont été utilisés en Argentine, au Brésil, au Chili, au Mexique et au Royaume-Uni ont été analysés. On a constaté qu'il y a eu: la prédominance d'un récit fondé sur la tríade explicative -antécédents, développement et conséquences; l'accent sur un discours androcentrique soutenu par les grands noms et les exploits, avec un biais eurocentrique; la dissonance entre les interpretations construites dans les manuels...
Artigo de revisão de literatura construído a partir de levantamento e análise das principais produções bibliográficas que tratam do Exame Nacional Chinês de Ingresso à Educação Superior, Gaokao, 高考, o primeiro exame em larga escala a ser aplicado no mundo e o maior em número de inscritos. Iniciado em 1952, esse modelo é associado aos exames imperiais, que habilitavam para os cargos administrativos e militares na burocracia da China imperial. Historicamente, os sentidos da meritocracia e justiça associados aos exames imperiais influenciaram a criação do Gaokao. Sua configuração é dinâmica e pode variar de acordo com as províncias; contudo, apesar da longa história, as críticas são constantes e as reformas implantadas, na tentativa de criar alternativas para o ingresso às universidades, são estratégias para reduzir a pressão do exame sobre os jovens chineses. A condução da história do Gaokao, com atenção à forma, ao conteúdo e às críticas atuais, mostrará que existe um componente tradicional e constituidor cultural da vida escolar chinesa, herdando dos exames imperiais a conjugação da meritocracia e justiça.
This research presents a brief study about the influence of advertisements in the civilizing process in Uberabinha city, today Uberlândia, localized in Triângulo Mineiro. The chosen time frame were 1919 to 1929. In this time was analyzed copies of the newspaper A TRIBUNA. To achieve this goal, the motivating question was to analyze how the advertisements contributed to educate citizens as time that they lived wanted. Then was made a historical journey mapping the history of the Uberabinha city, the emergence of the press and advertisement in Brazil. Then the ads linked to tailors, machinery, services and cars topics were analyzed, to underscore the relevance of scientific discourse that was sustained in the method and technique to teach the citizens in accordance with the civilization and the modern discourse. The advertisements that mention the elements related to health, such as medicines, pills, elixirs were also presented. It is concluded that to civilize a citizen for the challenges of Brazil Republic, were launched many devices beyond formal education, including newspapers and advertisements printed thereon. Through the analysis of various ads, it became clear how the individuals were educated to new sensibilities and new habits. It was also possible to see how the ideals sanitarians imposed new benchmark, and confirmed the principles and ideas of modernity setting new patterns to that rural area. The analysis of advertising's principle construction as an element of culture. Thus it can be understood as dialogic and responsive element, in line with the men and the time that produced it, carrying their features. And is the reiteration through the periodicals, the strength of its communication and education. .
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