To be potent viscosity-lowering excipients, the ionic constituents of the salts must be hydrophobic, bulky, and aliphatic. A mechanistic hypothesis explaining the observed salt effects on MAb solutions' viscosities was proposed and verified.

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We report herein that heparin covalently attached to a water-insoluble resin suspended in HIV-infected aqueous buffer or whole blood captures the virus; subsequent physical separation of the immobilized heparin reduced the viral titers by over 80% and 50%, respectively. The detoxification concept has been validated by both circulating an HIV-1 solution through a column packed with the heparin-Sepharose beads and successively mixing an HIV-1 solution with fresh beads.

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