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The goal of this study was to identify chronic conditions and multimorbidity patterns in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to examine their associations with pneumonia and death. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed the official data of COVID-19 patients in Mexico through May 18, 2020 (released by the Secretaría de Salud de México). Adjusted logistic regression models were applied to assess the associations of comorbidities with pneumonia and death. The marginal effects were estimated, and the probability of pneumonia or death according to the number of comorbidities was graphed for each year of age. Results: Of the 51 053 COVID-19 patients enrolled in the final analysis, 27 667 (54.2%) had no chronic conditions, while 13 652 (26.7%), 6518 (12.8%) and 3216 (6.3%) were reported to have 1, 2, and 3 or more simultaneous conditions, respectively. Overall, a significant incremental gradient was observed for the association between multimorbidity and pneumonia (p<0.001); for 2 chronic conditions, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) was 2.07 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.95 to 2.20), and for ≥3 conditions, the aOR was 2.40 (95% CI, 2.22 to 2.60). A significant incremental gradient was also found for the relationship between multimorbidity and death (p<0.001); an aOR of 2.51 (95% CI, 2.30 to 2.73) was found for 2 chronic conditions and an aOR of 3.49 (95% CI, 3.15 to 3.86) for ≥3 conditions. Conclusions: Underlying chronic conditions and multimorbidity are associated with pneumonia and death in Mexican COVID-19 patients. Future investigation is necessary to clarify the pathophysiological processes behind this association, given the high burden of chronic diseases in various countries, including Mexico.

Objectives To determine the optimal anthropometric cut-off points for predicting the likelihood ratios of hypertension and diabetes in the Peruvian population. Design A cross-sectional study was performed to establish cut-off values for body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference [WC], waist-height ratio [WHtR], and Conicity index [C-index]) associated with increased risk of hypertension and diabetes. Youden’s index (YIndex), area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity were considered. Settings Peruvian households. Participants Peruvian population over the age of 18 years. Results 31,553 subjects were included; 57% being women. Among the women, 53.06% belonged to the 25 to 44-year-old age group [mean age: 41.66 in men and 40.02 in women]. The mean BMI, WHtR and C-index values were higher in women 27.49, 0.61, 1.30 respectively; while the mean WC value was higher in men 92.12 cm (SD±11.28). The best predictors of hypertension in men were the WHtR (AUC=0.64) and the C-index (AUC=0.64) with an optimal cut-off point of 0.57 (YIndex=0.284) and 1.301 (YIndex=0.284), respectively. Women showed an AUC of 0.63 and 0.61 in the WHtR and C-index, respectively, with an optimal cut-off of 0.61 (YIndex=0.236) and 1.323 (YIndex=0.225). The best predictor for diabetes was the C-index: with an AUC=0.67 and an optimal cut-off of 1.337 (YIndex=0.346) for men, and an AUC=0.66 and optimal cut-off of 1.313 (YIndex=0.319) for women. Conclusions Our findings show that in Peruvian adults, the WHtR and the C-index have the strongest association with hypertension in both sexes. Likewise, the C-index had the strongest association with diabetes.

Objetivo. Estimar la prevalencia y determinar los factores asociados a la no utilización de instituciones prestadoras de servicios de salud (NUIPSS) en inmigrantes adultos venezolanos en Perú. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal analítico de la «Encuesta Dirigida a la Población Venezolana que Reside en el País» 2018. Se calculó la proporción de inmigrantes con NUIPSS (inmigrantes con algún síntoma o malestar, enfermedad, recaída de enfermedad crónica, accidente y molestia o problema como depresión, miedo, enojo, ansiedad, estrés y que consideraron que no era tan grave o necesario acudir a una institución prestadora de servicios de salud). Se estimaron razones de prevalencia (RP) crudas y ajustadas (RPa) de presentar NUIPSS usando modelos lineales generalizados. Resultados. Se incluyeron 2144 venezolanos inmigrantes. El 57,2% presentó NUIPSS, reportando motivos como: no contar con dinero (64,5%), carecer de seguro de salud (24,3%), automedicación (12,8%) y no disponer de tiempo (8,4%). Residir en Arequipa (Rpa:0,69; IC95%: 0,57-0,83) o Trujillo (Rpa: 0,87; IC95%: 0,76-0,99), padecer una enfermedad crónica (Rpa: 0,83; IC95%: 0,71-0,97) y estar afiliado al Seguro Integral de Salud (SIS) (Rpa: 0,28; IC95%: 0,13-0,61) se asoció con una menor probabilidad de NUIPSS. Ser de un grupo etario más joven al de 60 a más años se asoció con una mayor probabilidad de NUIPSS. Conclusiones. Uno de cada dos venezolanos inmigrantes en Perú presenta NUIPSS. Contar con SIS incrementa la probabilidad de acudir a atención médica en inmigrantes venezolanos en territorio peruano. Incrementar el aseguramiento público en salud de esta población, que actualmente es bajo, podría incrementar el uso de servicios de salud.

Objetivos. Identificar la prevalencia y factores asociados al uso de servicios de salud oral en adultos mayores (AM) peruanos durante el 2018. Materiales y métodos. Análisis secundario de los datos de 4874 AM peruanos de la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar (ENDES) 2018. Se consideró el uso de servicio de salud oral (sí/no) en razón de los seis meses previos a la aplicación de la encuesta como variable dependiente, las variables independientes fueron: sexo, edad, área de residencia, nivel educativo, estado civil, dominio geográfico, limitación física, afiliación a un seguro de salud, lengua hablada y quintil de bienestar. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo usando frecuencias absolutas y proporciones ponderadas, y un análisis multivariado empleando modelos lineales generalizados (familia Poisson). Resultados. Del total de AM, 52,6% fueron mujeres, 52,9% pertenecían al grupo de 60 a 69 años de edad, 77% pertenecían al área urbana y 81,1% estuvieron afiliados a un seguro de salud. La prevalencia del uso de servicios odontológicos durante los últimos seis meses fue 24,9%. El análisis multivariado encontró asociación con el área de residencia (p0,001), el nivel educativo superior (p=0,001), la afiliación a un seguro de salud (p0,001), el dominio geográfico (p=0,019) y todos los quintiles de bienestar (p0,001). Conclusiones. La prevalencia de uso de servicios de salud oral en AM fue baja, y sus factores asociados fueron el área de residencia, el nivel educativo, la afiliación a un seguro de salud, el dominio geográfico y los quintiles de bienestar.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of low physical activity (PA) in Peruvian adults and to identify associated factors.Methods: An analytical study was performed using data from the 2017-2018 Nutritional Food Surveillance by Life Stages survey. The outcome variable was low PA (yes or no), assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-short form. Prevalence ratios were estimated as a measure of association.Results: Among the 1045 persons included in the analysis, the age-standardized prevalence of low PA was 61.9%. The adjusted model showed that being female and migrating from a rural to an urban area in the last 5 years were associated with a higher probability of having low PA than males and individuals who had not migrated, while residing in rural highlands and jungle areas was associated with a reduced probability of having low PA compared to people residing in other geographic domains.Conclusions: Being a female and migration from a rural to an urban area in the last 5 years were associated with a higher likelihood of having low PA. Therefore, promotion and prevention strategies related to PA are required, especially in the female and migrant populations.

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Background Higher rates of maternal complications and deaths have been described in home births. However, few local studies have evaluated factors associated with home births in Peru. The study aims to determine the prevalence and factors associated with home birth in the Peruvian population. Methods A population-based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted using pooled data from the 2015–2017 Peruvian Demographic and Health Surveys. A logistic regression model was performed to calculate crude and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for the association between sociodemographic and mother-related factors and home births. Results Seven out of every 100 births were home births. Living in a rural area (aOR = 3.10; 95% CI: 2.52–3.81), having a primary or secondary educational level, belonging to a medium or low wealth tertile, being from the rest of the Coast, Andean or Amazon regions, the second or greater number of birth order and considering the distance to the health center as problematic (aOR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.17–1.48) were found to be associated with a higher probability of home births. Contrarily, being in the age groups of 25–34 and 35–39 years old, having a multiple pregnancy and giving birth to a medium (aOR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.78–1.00) or large-sized newborn (aOR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.72–0.93) were associated with a lower probability of presenting home births. Conclusions Sociodemographic factors are associated with home births in Peru. Further study of these factors is required to develop strategies specific to the needs of the population of childbearing age.