Association of Comorbidities With Pneumonia and Death Among COVID-19 Patients in Mexico: A Nationwide Cross-sectional Study

Hernández-Vasquéz, Akram; Azañedo, Diego; Vargas-Fernández, Rodrigo; Bendezú-Quispe, Guido

doi:10.3961/jpmph.20.186

Cited by 30 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Therefore, the true number of cases and deaths is probably higher. Similar to studies conducted in other settings, Mexicans who are older and who have an underlying medical comorbidity have a higher risk of adverse outcomes and death [9][10][11]. Mexico is a racially and ethnically diverse country, with an indigenous population of over 12 million (10.1% of the total population) [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality in Mexico: A cross-sectional study based on national data

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction Across the world, the COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected racial and ethnic minorities. How ethnicity affects Indigenous peoples in Mexico is unclear. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the mortality associated with ethnicity, particularly of Indigenous peoples, in a large sample of patients with COVID-19 in Mexico. Methods We used open access data from the Mexican Ministry of Health, which includes data of all confirmed COVID-19 cases in the country. We used descriptive statistics to compare differences among different groups of patients. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios while adjusting for confounders. Results From February 28 to August 3, 2020, a total of 416546 adult patients were diagnosed with COVID-19. Among these, 4178 were Indigenous peoples. Among all patients with COVID-19, whether hospitalized or not, a higher proportion of Indigenous peoples died compared to non-Indigenous people (16.5% vs 11.1%, respectively). Among hospitalized patients, a higher proportion of Indigenous peoples died (37.1%) compared to non-Indigenous peoples (36.3%). Deaths outside the hospital were also higher among Indigenous peoples (3.7% vs 1.7%). A higher proportion of Indigenous peoples died in both the private and public health care sectors. The adjusted odds ratio for COVID-19 mortality among Indigenous peoples with COVID-19 was 1.13 (95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.24). The adjusted odds ratio for COVID-19 mortality among Indigenous peoples with COVID-19 was higher among those who received only ambulatory care (1.55, 95% confidence interval 1.24 to 1.92). Discussion In this large sample of patients with COVID-19, the findings suggest that Indigenous peoples in Mexico have a higher risk of death from COVID-19, especially outside the hospital. These findings suggest Indigenous peoples lack access to care more so than non-Indigenous people during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality in Mexico: A cross-sectional study based on national data

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Similar to studies conducted in other settings, Mexicans who are older and who have an underlying medical comorbidity have a higher risk of adverse outcomes and death. (9-11) Mexico is a racially and ethnically diverse country, with an indigenous population of over 12 million (10.1% of the total population). (12) For centuries, indigenous peoples in Mexico have been marginalized and unfairly treated, resulting in unjust health inequities and unequitable access to health care.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality in Mexico: a cross-sectional study based on national data

Ibarra-Nava

Flores-Rodriguez

Ruiz-Herrera

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: To analyze the mortality associated with ethnicity, particularly of Indigenous peoples, in a large sample of patients with COVID-19 in Mexico. Design: National, cross-sectional study. Setting: Mexico. Participants: 416546 adult patients; 4178 Indigenous peoples with COVID-19 were the primary population under study. Main outcome measures: The primary outcome was mortality from COVID-19 up to August 3rd, 2020. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios while adjusting for confounders. Results: Among all patients with COVID-19, whether hospitalized or not, a higher proportion of Indigenous peoples died compared to non-Indigenous people (16.5% vs 11.1%, respectively). Among hospitalized patients, a higher proportion of Indigenous peoples died (37.1%) compared to non-Indigenous peoples (36.3%). Deaths outside the hospital were also higher among Indigenous peoples (3.7% vs 1.7%). A higher proportion of Indigenous peoples died in both the private and public health care sectors. The adjusted odds ratio for COVID-19 mortality among Indigenous peoples with COVID-19 was 1.13 (95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.24). The adjusted odds ratio for COVID-19 mortality among Indigenous peoples with COVID-19 was higher among those who received only ambulatory care (1.55, 95% confidence interval 1.24 to 1.92). Conclusions: In the large sample of patients with COVID-19, the findings suggest that Indigenous peoples in Mexico have a higher risk of death from COVID-19, especially outside the hospital. These findings suggest Indigenous peoples lack access to care more so than non-Indigenous people during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. More research is needed regarding the impact of the COVID-19 among racial and ethnic minorities in Mexico.

show abstract

“…Moreover, severe symptoms are difficulty breathing or shortness of breath, chest pain or pressure, and loss of speech or movement 24 . As compared to the COVID-19 patients without comorbidities, higher frequencies of severe cases and mortality are found among the patients with underlying comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity 25 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Infection and Death Patterns of COVID-19 Disease in Bangladesh

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: This study aimed to reveal the prevalence of COVID-19 and investigate the patterns of deaths due to novel coronavirus in Bangladesh. Methods: The data about daily incidences, sex and deaths by the geography of COVID-19 for Bangladesh as of August 29, 2020 have been collected from the daily press releases of the Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR) and Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS). Case fatality rates (CFR), doubling time, correlation coefficient and graphical presentation were used to investigate the prevalence and patterns of infection and deaths. Results: Infection to tests, recovery to infections and death to infection rates due to novel coronavirus in Bangladesh until August 29, 2020 was 20.25%, 64.37% and 1.36% respectively. The correlation coefficient between daily tests and infections has found 0.978 with a 95% confidence interval 0.971 to 0.984. About 78.46% male and only 21.54% of females have died. Most deaths were found in the Dhaka division (48.26%) and the least deaths in the Mymensingh division (2.12%). The sex ratio of males to females in deaths was 364.23%. The age below 10 has found the least prevalent (0.45%) to deaths and above 60 has found most vulnerable (49.26%) to death. Conclusions: This study showed a strong positive relationship between daily tests and infections. The doubling time of infections and deaths in Bangladesh increased over time maintaining very low differences. Male people are more vulnerable to death compare to females. Aged people are extremely vulnerable to death. The most deaths geographical division is Dhaka and the least deaths in Mymensingh.

show abstract

Association of Comorbidities With Pneumonia and Death Among COVID-19 Patients in Mexico: A Nationwide Cross-sectional Study

Cited by 30 publications

References 31 publications

Ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality in Mexico: A cross-sectional study based on national data

Ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality in Mexico: A cross-sectional study based on national data

Ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality in Mexico: a cross-sectional study based on national data

Infection and Death Patterns of COVID-19 Disease in Bangladesh

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About