ObjectiveTo summarise the literature on the barriers to athletes seeking mental health treatment and cultural influencers of mental health in elite athletes.DesignSystematic reviewData sourcesPubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, SportDiscus (Ebsco), and PsycINFO (ProQuest) up to November 2018.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesQualitative and quantitative original studies of elite athletes (those who competed at the professional, Olympic, or collegiate/university levels), published in any language.ResultsStigma, low mental health literacy, negative past experiences with mental health treatment-seeking, busy schedules, and hypermasculinity are barriers to elite athletes seeking mental health treatment. Cultural influencers of mental health in elite athletes include: (1) the lack of acceptance of women as athletes; (2) lower acceptability of mental health symptoms and disorders among non-white athletes; (3) non-disclosure of religious beliefs; and (4) higher dependence on economic benefits. Coaches have an important role in supporting elite athletes in obtaining treatment for mental illness. Brief anti-stigma interventions in elite athletes decrease stigma and improve literary about mental health.ConclusionThere is a need for various actors to provide more effective strategies to overcome the stigma that surrounds mental illness, increase mental health literacy in the athlete/coach community, and address athlete-specific barriers to seeking treatment for mental illness. In this systematic review, we identified strategies that, if implemented, can overcome the cultural factors that may otherwise limit athletes seeking treatment. Coaches are critical for promoting a culture within elite athletes’ environments that encourages athletes to seek treatment.
We compared the history, the profile, and the severity of sexual symptoms of 31 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) to those of 26 patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD) by means of the Sexual Inventory of the Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, the Clinical Interview for the Diagnosis of DSM-IV Sexual Disorders, the Female Sexual Function Index, the International Index of Erectile Function, the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale, and the Sexual Behavior Inventory. Patients with OCD reported more difficulties to reach orgasm (p = 0.009), less frequent effective erections (p = 0.05), and a positive history of sexual abuse (p = 0.006) significantly more often than patients with SAD. Male patients with SAD reported not using contraceptive methods significantly more frequently than male patients with OCD (p = 0.007). Patients with OCD and patients with SAD exhibit different profiles of sexual behavior.
The relationship between the severity of asthma and comorbidites with anxiety and depressive disorders Relação entre a gravidade da asma e comorbidade com transtornos de ansiedade e depressão A b s t r a c t Objective: There is evidence that asthma is associated with increased frequency of psychiatric symptoms and mental disorders. Our aim was to assess the frequency of anxiety and depressive disorders in a sample of asthmatic outpatients and observe if there is any relationship between this comorbidity and the severity of asthma. Method: Sixty-two consecutive patients of two outpatient asthma clinics located in university hospitals were evaluated. Psychiatric diagnoses were assessed with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview 4.4 Version. Results: Twenty-seven patients (43.5%) met criteria for at least one psychiatric diagnosis. The most frequent diagnoses were major depression (24%), generalized anxiety disorder (20.9%) and panic disorder/agoraphobia spectrum disorders (17.7%). We found no significant differences in the prevalence of anxiety disorders and depression between the groups with mild/ moderate and severe asthma. Despite the high frequency of depression and anxiety disorders, only 4 (6.5%) patients were under psychiatric treatment and 13 (20.9%) patients were taking benzodiazepines. Twelve of 15 (80%) patients who reported present use of psychotropic medication were not under psychiatric treatment at the moment of the study. Conclusions: Our results support the high morbidity of anxiety and depressive disorders in asthmatic patients, independent of the severity of asthma. Keywords: Respiratory tract diseases; Respiratory insufficiency; Pulmonary disease (Specialty); Anxiety; Panic disorderResumo Objetivo: Existem evidências de que a asma está associada a um aumento da presença de sintomas psiquiátricos e de transtornos mentais. O objetivo do presente estudo é o de averiguar a freqüência de transtornos de ansiedade e depressão em uma amostra de pacientes asmáticos ambulatoriais e observar se há relação deste tipo de comorbidade com a gravidade da asma. Método: Sessenta e dois pacientes consecutivos de dois ambulatórios universitários especializados em asma foram examinados. Os diagnósticos psiquiátricos foram obtidos em entrevista com a utilização do Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview 4.4 Version. Resultados: Vinte e sete (43,5%) pacientes preencheram os critérios para ao menos um diagnóstico psiquiátrico. Os diagnósticos mais freqüentes foram depressão maior (24,0%), transtorno de ansiedade generalizada (20,9%) e transtornos do espectro pânico/agorafobia (17,7%). Não encontramos diferenças significativas na prevalência de transtornos de ansiedade e depressão entre os grupos com asma leve/moderada e com asma grave. Apesar da alta freqüência de depressão e transtornos de ansiedade, apenas 4 (6,5%) pacientes estavam em tratamento psiquiátrico e 13 (20,9%) estavam usando benzodiazepínicos. Doze dos 15 (80,0%) pacientes em uso de medicação psicotrópica não estavam em tratamento psiqu...
Our results support the high morbidity of anxiety and depressive disorders in asthmatic patients, independent of the severity of asthma.
A Dismorfia Muscular é um termo médico que não foi catalogado no último DSM, pode ser compreendida como Transtorno Dismórfico Corporal. É mais prevalente nos homens do que nas mulheres, embora os números sejam difíceis de estimar. Abuso de Esteróides Anabolizantes e Dependência de Exercícios estão relacionados com a Dismorfia Muscular. Esse artigo fez uma revisão bibliográfica do tema nos últimos dez anos (1997 – 2007) e discorre sobre o papel do Psicólogo do Esporte. Trata-se de um tema pouco pesquisado, considera-se dessa maneira um amplo campo de investigação para as Ciências do Esporte.
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