In order to overcome the difficulties associated to the solubility and mechanical integrity of polyaniline (PAni) films, in this work we develop a binder by mixing PAni in the oxidized and undoped state (emeraldine base form) with 4-chloro-3-methylphenol, a plasticizer, and solvent. This binder has been used as a coating alone or combined with a conventional nitrocellulose paint to formulate the called Smart Paint. The characterization of binder films, which are cohesive and self-standing, shows the preservation of PAni properties, indicating that they satisfy the typical characteristics of anticorrosive coatings.Electrochemical assays have been carried out in H 2 SO 4 solution using AISI 1006 steel plates coated with the binder and the Smart Paint. Results indicate that the binder and the Smart Paint promote the passivation of the metal substrate, reflecting their protecting abilities against corrosion.

A falta de uma gestão adequada dos resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) tem provocado ao longo dos anos nos Municípios com menos de vinte mil habitantes, diversos prejuízos nas áreas da saúde pública, equidade social e conservação ambiental, além de impactos significativos na ordem econômica em diversos segmentos de atividade. Dentro deste contexto, é necessária a efetiva implantação das diretrizes que preconizam a Política Nacional PALAVRAS--CHAVE:Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos; Gestão; Meio Ambiente. DIAGNOSTIC AND PROGNOSTIC FOR THE MUNICIPALITY OF SANANDUVA/RS ABSTRACTLack of proper management of municipal solid waste (MSW) has resulted over the years in the municipalities with less than twenty thousand inhabitants, many losses in the areas of public health, social equity and environmental conservation with significant impacts on economic order various activity segments. Within this context, the effective implementation of the guidelines that prioritize the National Policy on Solid Waste is required. Thus, the objective of this work was to make the diagnosis and prognosis for the management of municipal urban solid waste (MSW) in the municipality of Sananduva/RS, and as the proposal of new MSW management methods can contribute to the reduction and proper disposal of RSU.

This paper presents the production of an epoxy paint associated with a determined concentration of PAni emeraldine base binder, in order to increase dispersion of PAni polymer chains in the paint allow physical contact between PAni chains, the electrolytic medium, and the metal of interest. The coating called Intelligent Epoxy Paint (IEP) seeks to potentialize the electrolytic capacity of PAni to produce passivation, differentiated research which uses PAni in oxidized and conductive form as paint pigment that needs high PAni concentrations. The physicochemical characterization and morphological presented results that indicate the preservation of the desirable properties of PAni in order to make the passivation process possible. The electrochemical tests showed the passivation and/or maintenance of the passivation of the metal of interest, without the need to apply an external current.

O presente artigo propõe alterações no atual modelo de tratamento de efluentes de uma agroindústria de arroz não parboilizado, a partir de adequação aos padrões exigidos pelo órgão fiscalizador do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil). Para isso, foram consideradas as características dos efluentes produzidos e tecnologias que busquem a sustentabilidade no tratamento de efluentes. E mais, a estrutura física disponível para o trabalho foi adaptada, conforme a viabilidade técnica. Desse modo, o projeto demonstrou aspectos técnicos e operacionais plenamente aplicáveis, considerando-se a redução esperada dos parâmetros exigidos para o lançamento do efluente no corpo hídrico receptor.

O emprego de polímeros intrinsecamente condutores, como a polianilina (PAni), tem-se apresentado como alternativa de revestimento protetor contra a corrosão, pois intensifica o efeito de passivação e proteção anódica do material. Diante da dificuldade em obterem-se filmes de PAni na forma oxidada e condutor de forma auto-suportados e coesos à superfície de substratos metálicos. Realizou-se a desdopagem do polímero, com o uso da solução de NH4OH passando a PAni para estado oxidado e não condutor conhecida como PAni esmeraldina base (PAni EB). A mistura completa da PAni EB, solvente orgânico e o plastificante 4-cloro-3-metilfenol, permitiram a obtenção de uma resina. Esta foi aplicada em placas de aço AISI 1006 com o auxílio equipamento Spin Coater. O filme foi caracterizado por análise térmica TGA, onde se verificou que o revestimento é resultado da reação dos componentes, predominando a estrutura da PAni EB. As análises térmicas demostraram no binder não apresenta alterações químicas que possam modificar as propriedades eletroquímicas da PAni, e os ensaios eletroquímicos de Voltametria Cíclica e Potencial de Circuito Aberto foram realizados em solução H2SO4 2 mol.L -1 , que indicou a formação de par redox polímero-metal, o que proporciona da formação de óxidos passivantes, que viabilizam a proteção anódica do metal contra a corrosão.

The use of intrinsically conductive polymers such as polyaniline (PAni) has been presented as an alternative protective coating against corrosion, it intensifies the effect of anodic passivation and protection of the material. Given the difficulty in obtaining films of polyaniline in the oxidized form and driver in a self-supported and cohesive on the surface of metal substrates. Was held the undoped of the polymer, with the use of NH4OH solution to passing the PAni oxidized state and non-conducting polyaniline emeraldine base known as PAni EB. The complete mixture of PAni EB, organic solvent and plasticizer 4-chloro-3-methylphenol, allowed to obtain a resin. This was applied in AISI 1006 steel plates with the aid equipment Spin Coater. The film was characterized by thermal analysis TGA, where it was found that the coating is the result of the reaction components, predominantly the structure of PAni EB. The electrochemical tests of Cyclic Voltammetry and Potential Open Circuit were carried out in 2 molL-1H2SO4solution, which indicated the formation of redox couple polymer-metal, which provides the formation of passivating oxides, which allow the metal anodic protection against corrosion.

The increase of the world population associated to the concentration of this population in urbanized environments has caused the growth of the production of residues of organic solids, that in most of the times are discarded in inadequate places that can pollute the environment. Another factor that is also related to population growth is the demand for more food, mainly agricultural products, which need different inputs, such as fertilizers to increase productivity. Given this context, it is essential to use technologies that allow the recycling of nutrients from organic waste, which have the potential to condition soils and fertilize agricultural crops. This work has the objective of evaluating two already consolidated technologies for recycling solid organic waste, such as composting and vermicomposting, implanted in compact systems. Among these feasible systems were evaluated the humic compounds and the slurries generated, the parameters being evaluated the assimilable phosphorus (P), the active acidity, organic matter and the organic carbon. The results obtained indicate that the vermicompost presents a higher production of humic compound and less of slurry in relation to the composting process, and that the humic compound produced in the composting process and the slurry produced by the vermicompost process have higher P indices, organic and organic carbon, in relation to their corresponding, and the acidity index was practically the same for the slurries and humic compounds produced in both organic matter recycling processes.

Currently the industries of paint have directed their efforts on cleaner production of products that provide effective performance in corrosion protection of metallic materials. This work search introduce a new alternative of organic coating, without the presence of hazardous metals and replace equipments commercials used method of anodic protection for protection of oxidized metals. From this it, was produced Smart Paint (SP), consisting of Paint Acrylic Commercial (PAC) mixed the 1 % of binder, compound by the conducting polymer, Polyaniline Emeraldine Base (PAni EB) and plasticizer 4-chloro-3-methylphenol. The SP and PAC were applied to plates of carbon steel AISI 1010, with the aid of dip coat technique and then were subjected to drying for 48 h. The SP was characterized by thermals and physicochemical analyzes in order to verify possible changes in chemical properties of the ink produced, beyond perform electrochemical tests of Open Circuit Potential and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, employing equipment Potentiostat/Galvanostat Autolab PGSTAT302 Ecochemie, and aqueous 2 mol.L -1 of H2SO4. The results obtained allow us to state that the plasticizer does not alter the electrochemical properties of PAni and application of binder PAni EB to PAC does not alter the physicochemical properties of commercial coating. The binder PAni EB adds to PAC the capacity to induce the formation or maintenance of protective oxides in oxidizable metals submitted to harsh environments, method known as anodic corrosion protection.