Background/Objective: Several investigations about stress, coping e presenteeism among nurses from different work units were already conducted in national and international context. However, few studies analyze these subjects in nurses who attend in nephrology units, where features and work process are specific to this unit. This study aimed to assess stress, coping and presenteeism among nurses attending in a nephrology service. Methods:It is a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional research conducted in a nephrological unit from a teaching hospital between March and April 2010. The population was composed by three nurses on direct assistance to patients admitted in the nephrological award. We applied a form to sociodemographic characterization, the Occupational Stress Inventory, Occupational Coping Scale and the Work Limitations Questionnaire. The variables were statistically analyzed through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS -version 17.0). Qualitative variables were described through absolute and relative frequencies and qualitative ones through median, interquartile range, average and standard deviation. Results:Results indicated high stress intensity in this population, and nurses assessed the interpersonal relationships as the highest stressful situation. The coping strategy most used for nurses of nephrology unit was Symptoms handing. Regarding to presenteeism analysis, we obtained a productivity loss rate of 5.5%, with emphasis on physical and mental-interpersonal requirements. Conclusions:We concluded that nurses assessed the situations from work environment as stressful and they use coping strategies focused on emotion, which are considered non effective to deal with stress. It may explain the high stress intensity found among nurses, which is a possible reason for the productivity loss.
Learning to rank (L2R) algorithms use a labeled training set to generate a ranking model that can later be used to rank new query results. These training sets are costly and laborious to produce, requiring human annotators to assess the relevance or order of the documents in relation to a query. Active learning algorithms are able to reduce the labeling effort by selectively sampling an unlabeled set and choosing data instances that maximize a learning function's effectiveness. In this article, we propose a novel two-stage active learning method for L2R that combines and exploits interesting properties of its constituent parts, thus being effective and practical. In the first stage, an association rule active sampling algorithm is used to select a very small but effective initial training set. In the second stage, a query-bycommittee strategy trained with the first-stage set is used to iteratively select more examples until a preset labeling budget is met or a target effectiveness is achieved. We test our method with various LETOR benchmarking data sets and compare it with several baselines to show that it achieves good results using only a small portion of the original training sets.
Objective To develop a standardized steroid dosing regimen (SSR) for physicians treating childhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) complicated by lupus nephritis (LN), using consensus formation methodology. Methods Parameters influencing corticosteroid (CS) dosing were identified (step 1). Data from children with proliferative LN were used to generate patient profiles (step 2). Physicians rated changes in renal and extrarenal childhood‐onset SLE activity between 2 consecutive visits and proposed CS dosing (step 3). The SSR was developed using patient profile ratings (step 4), with refinements achieved in a physician focus group (step 5). A second type of patient profile describing the course of childhood‐onset SLE for ≥4 months since kidney biopsy was rated to validate the SSR‐recommended oral and intravenous (IV) CS dosages (step 6). Patient profile adjudication was based on majority ratings for both renal and extrarenal disease courses, and consensus level was set at 80%. Results Degree of proteinuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate, changes in renal and extrarenal disease activity, and time since kidney biopsy influenced CS dosing (steps 1 and 2). Considering these parameters in 5,056 patient profile ratings from 103 raters, and renal and extrarenal course definitions, CS dosing rules of the SSR were developed (steps 3–5). Validation of the SSR for up to 6 months post–kidney biopsy was achieved with 1,838 patient profile ratings from 60 raters who achieved consensus for oral and IV CS dosage in accordance with the SSR (step 6). Conclusion The SSR represents an international consensus on CS dosing for use in patients with childhood‐onset SLE and proliferative LN. The SSR is anticipated to be used for clinical care and to standardize CS dosage during clinical trials.
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