RESUMENEn el marco de una creciente transformación del espacio costero chileno que deja al descubierto una serie de conflictos de uso y riesgos significativos por incompatibilidad de los mismos, este trabajo busca aportar un panorama general respecto de los diversos organismos públicos competentes para la regulación y gestión del espacio costero, de sus funciones principales o subordinadas y de la interacción entre ellos, así como de los principales defectos que se producen desde el punto de vista del sistema legal, para fines del ordenamiento territorial en general y del ordenamiento costero, en particular. Se identifican los textos legales y reglamentarios considerados relevantes para la regulación del uso del suelo, incluyendo tanto normas directas como indirectas.Palabras clave: Borde costero, zona costera, planificación territorial, gestión territorial. ABSTRACTThe increasing transformations of the Chilean coastal space raise a series of land use conflicts and significant risks caused by incompatibility of such different uses. In that context, this paper delivers an overview of the diversity of public offices in charge of coastal space regulation and management, and the issues associated to it; amongst them, their principal or subordinate functions, interaction between them, as well as the main problems arising from the point of view of the Chilean legal system, generally for purposes of territorial planning, and more specifically for coastal planning. The main legal statutes and decrees considered relevant as land use regulations are identified, including both direct and indirect regulations. 2 Instituto de Geografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Chile). E-mail: bandrade@uc.cl; farenasv@uc.cl; rguijon@uc.cl La revisión de la literatura especializada ha dejado establecido que entre las respuestas más significativas a los procesos de transformación del espacio costero y al manejo de los múltiples conflictos que se dan allí, figuran los esfuerzos implementados en Europa en las décadas de los setenta y ochenta. Ejemplos de ello son un acta para la planificación en áreas costeras, de Noruega en 1971; las bases de una política global de ordenamiento de la zona costera, en Gran Bretaña en 1972 y; desde 1973, en Francia donde se desarrollan diversas aproximaciones para establecer un cuerpo legal operativo, el que se consolida con la
Considering the exceptional geological characteristics of iron oxide and sulphur lavas structures cropping out at El Laco and Lastarria volcanic complexes in Northern Chile, their geographical context, and the Chilean legal framework for conservation, the authors make a general assessment of the geological heritage value of both volcanoes, while analysing the possibilities and challenges that arise in order to protect them. Relevant issues in this matter are the lack of appropriate laws and of applied geoconservation experience in the country, and the difficulty of attracting financial resources but also a big potential for conciliating conservation with mining, different alternatives of tourism-including geotourism-, or other sustainable initiatives, in a naturally and culturally diverse and rich region, already known as a world class tourist destination. Thus results the need to identify the relevant geosites present in each volcano, to emphasize their study and knowledge, as well as a proactive role of public authorities in order to effectively protect these extremely rare and vulnerable geological features. Analysing the specific cases of both volcanic complexes as possible geological heritage locations, the authors aim to highlight the main problems that need to be solved in order to introduce proper geoconservation in the area.
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