| 81 2 | GINGIVAL RECESSION REVISITE D: A BRIEF REVIEW
| Etiology and classificationGingival recession has been described as the oral exposure of the root surface as a result of displacement of the gingival margin apical to the cemento-enamel junction, with or without interdental soft and hard tissue loss. 91 Data from epidemiologic studies conducted in different regions of the world, comprising both adult and young subjects, with or without adequate dental biofilm control, show that buccal gingival recession is highly prevalent. [92][93][94] Etiologically, the development of recession-type defects can be related to the following anatomic-, pathologic-, professional (iatrogenic)-, or traumatic-related factors:• Anatomic-related factor: lack of attached gingiva, muscular inserts near the gingival margin, 27,29 poor tooth alignment, 96 or inadequate thickness of the alveolar bone plate and root prominences. 85
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