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ResumoO presente texto analisa a relação da política macroeconômica e o desenvolvimento econômico com seus condicionantes políticos, desde 1995 até os dias atuais (governos FHC, Lula e Dilma), por meio da abordagem da economia política, aplicando os conceitos de dominância financeira, dependência e bloco no poder. Ao adotar tal método, partiu-se do pressuposto de que a adoção de determinada política econômica é decorrência: i) dos condicionantes externos, atrelados, no caso brasileiro, à sua condição periférica; ii) dos condicionantes internos associados à interação e conflitos de interesses econômicos e políticos das frações de classe no bloco no poder e em seus desenlaces no Estado. O texto conclui que as mudanças recentes no bloco no poder, entre o final do governo Lula e início do governo Dilma, conferiram maior autonomia ao Estado, especialmente diante da fração bancário-financeira, até então hegemônica, o que abre espaço para a retomada das políticas de desenvolvimento.Palavras-chave: Dominância financeira; Dependência; Bloco no poder; Economia brasileira. AbstractEconomic policy during the Cardoso, Lula, and Rousseff administrations: financial dominance, power blocs and economic development This paper analyzes the relationship between macroeconomic policy and economic development and the political constraints of that relationship from 1995 until present day ( Cardoso, Lula and Dilma Rousseff). This analysis relies on the political economy approach, applying the concepts of financial domination, dependence and power blocs. By virute of this method, we assume that the adoption of certain economic policy is the result of: i) the external constraints (which, in Brazil, are coupled with the country's status as a peripheral and dependent economy) and ii) the constraints associated with the internal interaction and conflicts of economic and political interests of class fractions in the power bloc and its influence on the State. The paper concludes that recent changes to the power bloc between the end of the Lula administration and the beginning of the Rousseff administration gave the government greater autonomy, particularly in relation to the banking and financial sector, which was the hegemonic fraction in the power bloc. This context favors the resumption of development policies.

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We theorize the forms of value in the Marxist system in a way that challenges the dominant tradition. The standard procedure has been to read Marx's Capital as an analysis that begins at a high level of abstraction and moves toward more concrete concepts. Our alternative approach posits that the forms of value in the Marxist system evolve from more concrete toward more abstract forms of wealth that increasingly separate from and obscure labor exploitation.Our procedure therefore replaces the dominant interpretation of 'successive approximations' employed by most scholars. We develop a broader account of Marx's project alongside textual evidence retrieved from many of his writings.We also provide a new way to incorporate the monetary, financial, and rentier forms of wealth into Marx's labor value theory. The proposed alternative approach can potentially open a research agenda on the contemporaneous dynamics of abstract and concrete forms of wealth in advanced capitalism.

We present a Marxian theory of the capitalist production of knowledge and of financialization as two processes subsumed under the principle of autonomization of capital. Our approach consists of three tasks. The first is to develop the principle of autonomization. The second is to show how financialization can be a misleading term. The third is to develop a new theory of the production and distribution of valueless knowledgecommodities and knowledge-rent. Our Marxian framework demonstrates how the autonomization of capital manifests itself in its two active dimensions: the financial through financialization, and the productive through knowledge-commodities.