Thirteen abortuses with a known chromosomal complement of 45 (XO) were collected. Of these, eight contained an embryo or fetus ranging in age from five weeks to four months. Various gross anatomical abnormalities were evident in the four larger specimens and these included horseshoe kidney, unicornate uterus, single umbilical artery and cystic hygroma. One specimen had bilateral cystic hygromata. In all specimens, the gross anatomical appearance of the gonad was normal and, when examined histologically, the presence of primordial germ cells could be demonstrated.Histological sections of the XO gonads were compared with sections of gonads from known XX specimens of similar ages. There was no significant difference between the XO and XX gonads up to the third intrauterine month. In the older fetuses there was a relative increase in the connective tissue of the XO gonad.The finding of germ cells in the gonads of the XO fetuses is in contrast to the findings in XO adults who usually do not have germ cells in the gonads.

Thirteen abortuses with a known chromosomal complement of 45 (XO) were collected. Of these, eight contained an embryo or fetus ranging in age from five weeks to four months. Various gross anatomical abnormalities were evident in the four larger specimens and these included horseshoe kidney, unicornate uterus, single umbilical artery and cystic hygroma. One specimen had bilateral cystic hygromata. In all specimens, the gross anatomical appearance of the gonad was normal and, when examined histologically, the presence of primordial germ cells could be demonstrated. Histological sections of the XO gonads were compared with sections of gonads from known XX specimens of similar ages. There was no significant difference between the XO and XX gonads up to the third intrauterine month. In the older fetuses there was a relative increase in the connective tissue of the XO gonad. The finding of germ cells in the gonads of the XO fetuses is in contrast to the findings in XO adults who usually do not have germ cells in the gonads.

In all species studied, the upper two-thirds of the third ventricle is lined by ependymal cells with a profusion of long cilia that extend into the lumen. In the rabbit, rat, and mouse, an abrupt transition to a sparsely ciliated ependymal surface occurs along the lower one-third of the ventricular wall, at the level of the underlying ventromedial (VM) nucleus. Unique to the rat transition zone, however, is a predominance of microvilli. In the human, a subtle transition to a sparsely ciliated ependymal surface occurs somewhat higher at about the level of the underlying dorsomedial (DM) nucleus. Along the upper expanse of the rabbit infundibular recess (IR) ciliary bundles are infrequent, although occasional solitary cilia are seen. The characteristic features of this region, however, are the non-ciliated ependymal cells with their many irregular bleb or microvilli-like surface protrusions. In contrast to the rabbit, the same region in the rat and mouse is distinguished by an irregular ependymal surface with stout bleb-like protrusions and many single cilia. Similarly in the human, cilia become progressively fewer toward the IR. Although the non-ciliated ependymal surface in this region resembles that of the rabbit, the surface blebs and microvilli-like protrusions are fewer in number and less prominent. The lateral walls of the third ventricle display a consistent regional variation in the morphology of the luminal ependymal surface in all species studied. Although it is not possible to establish unequivocally the nature or significance of these regional differences, the structural modifications of the ependymal surface in the region of the IR are entirely consistent with the secretory or absorptive function attributed to ependyma in this area.The lining of the third ventricle consists largely of a single layer of cuboidal or columnar ependymal cells; however in certain areas, a monolayer of flattened ependyma or a multilayered ependymal lining may also be found (Brightman and Palay, '63; Vigh, Aros, Wenger, KoritsAnszky, and CeglCdi, '63; Rinne, '66; Tennyson and Pappas, '68; Knowles and Anand Kumar, '69). In addition, on the basis of morphological and cytochemical observations a specialized variety of ependymal cell (the tanycyte) , has also been distinguished within circumscribed areas of the ventricular wall. More recent studies have suggested structural and possible functional differences among tanycytes themselves (Luppa and Feustel, '71; Millhouse, '71). ANAT. REC., 174: 407420.The significance of ependymal tanycytes derives largely from the connections they establish between the ventricular lumen and the cerebral vasculature. Particular attention has been focused on the tanycytes of the third ventricle whose processes extend to the primary capillary network of the median eminence, and to the pars tuberalis. This intriguing structural relationship has led to the accumulation of much data in support of a secretory-transport role for ependyma (Vigh et al., '63; Leonhardt, '66; Rodriguez, '69 '70) ...

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The effects of coitus on the ultrastructure of neurons in the preoptic nucleus of the rabbit were studied. The ultrastructural changes observed first became apparent in large neurons located near capillaries, 1 h after coitus. More pronounced changes were observed in neurons removed at 2 h through to 10 h after coitus. These changes were manifest primarily in cell organelles normally associated with synthesis, in particular the Golgi system and rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Two populations of dense-core granules are reported. The small Granules (mean diameter of 950 Å) are probably monoamine in nature; the larger granules (mean diameter 1,450 Å) may contain releasing factors or their carriers. There is no evidence of storage of secreted materials within the perikarya of these neurons. Immediate transport toward the median eminence is suggested.

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