The Anatomy and Histology of Xo Human Embryos and Fetuses

Singh, Roderick P.; Carr, David

doi:10.1097/00006254-196706000-00038

Cited by 86 publications

(102 citation statements)

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“…Turner's syndrome is a genetic disorder in which the ovaries are apparently normal at birth and then prematurely lose their function early in childhood (8). As a result of this gonadal dysgenesis, the children lack ovarian estrogen and androgen production, usually do not undergo spontaneous pubertal maturation and, in most cases, are infertile.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Sebum Production in Turner Syndrome: A Study of Twenty-Two Patients

Brazzelli

Calcaterra

Muzio

et al. 2011

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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Turner's syndrome (TS) is a genetic disorder caused by numeric and/or structural abnormalities of the X chromosome. In a previous study it was observed that acne is less frequent in TS than in the general population. Since the onset of acne in pre-pubertal or pubertal age is related to sebum production, this study evaluates sebum secretion in TS patients, comparing the results with those of a control group of age-matched healthy female subjects. A total of 22 patients affected by TS (mean age 26.56±7.89 years) and a control group of 23 age-matched healthy females were studied. Sebum production was measured using a Sebumeter SM810. Mean sebum secretion in TS subjects was significantly lower than in the control group (81.35±66.44 VA vs 147.09±33.62 VA, p

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Sebum Production in Turner Syndrome: A Study of Twenty-Two Patients

Brazzelli

Calcaterra

Muzio

et al. 2011

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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“…Forty years ago ovaries from fetuses with TS with the 45,X complement were shown to have a normal germ cell count until week 18 of gestation, after which they seemed to undergo accelerated degeneration (10)(11). The gonadal insufficiency is associated with high levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in early childhood (2-5 years) and after the time of normal onset of puberty (11 years), while during the neonatal period and late childhood the level of FSH and LH is comparable to those in healthy girls (12).…”

Section: The Pituitary Ovarian Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological, endocrine and metabolic features in Turner syndrome

Gravholt

2005

Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab

116

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Turner syndrome is one of the more common genetic disorders, associated with abnormalities of the X chromosome, and occurring in about 50 per 100,000 liveborn girls. Turner syndrome is usually associated with reduced adult height, gonadal dysgenesis, and thus insufficient circulating levels of female sex steroids, and infertility. A number of other signs and symptoms are seen more frequent with the syndrome. Morbidity and mortality is increased. The average intellectual performance is within the normal range. With respect to epidemiology, cardiology, endocrinology and metabolism a number of recent studies have allowed new insight. Treatment with GH during childhood and adolescence allows a considerable gain in adult height. Puberty has to be induced in most cases, and female sex hormone replacement therapy is given during adult years. The proper dose of HRT has not been established, and, likewise, benefits and/or drawbacks from HRT has not been thoroughly evaluated. Since the risk of cardiovascular and endocrinological disease is clearly elevated, proper care during adulthood is emphasized. In summary, Turner syndrome is a condition associated with a number of disease and conditions which are reviewed in present paper. RESUMO Dados Epidemiológicos, Endócrinos e Metabólicos na Síndrome de Turner.A síndrome de Turner, decorrente de anomalias dos cromossomos sexuais, é uma das doenças genéticas mais comuns, ocorrendo em cerca de 50:100.000 recém-nascidas. A síndrome de Turner está geralmente associada à baixa estatura, disgenesia gonadal e, portanto, níveis insuficientes de esteróides sexuais femininos, e esterilidade. Vários outros sinais e sintomas são observados mais freqüentemente em portadoras dessa síndrome. Há aumento da morbidade e da mortalidade. A performance intelectual costuma estar dentro da normalidade. Estudos recentes têm trazido novas informações quanto a seus aspectos epidemiológicos, cardiológicos, endócrinos e metabólicos. O tratamento com hGH na infância e na adolescência permite um ganho considerável na estatura final. A puberdade precisa ser induzida na maioria dos casos, e a terapia de reposição de hormônios sexuais femininos (TRH) persiste durante toda a vida adulta. As doses adequadas para TRH ainda não estão bem estabelecidas; do mesmo modo, seus benefícios e/ou desvantagens ainda não foram cuidadosamente avaliados. Uma vez que o risco de doenças cardiovasculares e endócrinas é claramente elevado, o cuidado adequado na vida adulta é enfatizado. Em síntese, a síndrome de Turner é uma afecção associada a diversas anomalias congênitas e adquiridas que são revisadas neste artigo.

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“…In the 1960s Singh and Carr, and Carr et al studying ovaries from fetuses with TS with the 45,X complement, showed that the germ cell count seemed normal until week 18 of gestation, after which accelerated degeneration occurred (33,34). Speed suggested that the infertility associated with TS was due to this loss of germ cells, and that it was initiated by the inability of the lone X chromosome to pair with an autosome during meiosis (35).…”

Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological, endocrine and metabolic features in Turner syndrome

2004

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Turner syndrome is one of the more common genetic disorders, associated with abnormalities of the X chromosome, and occurring in about 50 per 100 000 liveborn girls. Turner syndrome is usually associated with reduced adult height, gonadal dysgenesis and thus insufficient circulating levels of female sex steroids, and infertility. A number of other signs and symptoms are seen more frequently with the syndrome. Morbidity and mortality are increased. The average intellectual performance is within the normal range. A number of recent studies have provided new insights with respect to epidemiology, cardiology, endocrinology and metabolism. Treatment with GH during childhood and adolescence allows a considerable gain in adult height, although verylong-term consequences of this treatment are not clear. Puberty has to be induced in most cases, and female sex hormone replacement therapy is given during the adult years. The proper dose of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has not been established, and, likewise, benefits and/or drawbacks from HRT have not been thoroughly evaluated. Since the risk of cardiovascular and endocrinological disease is clearly elevated, proper care during adulthood is emphasized. In summary, Turner syndrome is a condition associated with a number of diseases and conditions which are reviewed in the present paper.

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The Anatomy and Histology of Xo Human Embryos and Fetuses

Cited by 86 publications

References 0 publications

Reduced Sebum Production in Turner Syndrome: A Study of Twenty-Two Patients

Reduced Sebum Production in Turner Syndrome: A Study of Twenty-Two Patients

Epidemiological, endocrine and metabolic features in Turner syndrome

Epidemiological, endocrine and metabolic features in Turner syndrome

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