Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito residual de herbicidas aplicados na cultura da soja sobre a produtividade do milho em semeadura subseqüente. Foram instalados cinco experimentos na safra agrícola 2002/2003, com delineamento em blocos ao acaso e quatro repetições. Cada experimento correspondeu ao período decorrido entre a aplicação dos herbicidas e a semeadura do milho: zero (semeadura no mesmo dia da aplicação), 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias após aplicação (daa). Os experimentos foram compostos por oito tratamentos (herbicidas diclosulan, sulfentrazone, imazaquin, imazethapyr, fomesafen, lactofen, e chlorimuron-ethyl e um tratamento testemunha), e o efeito dos herbicidas sobre a cultura do milho foi avaliado pela fitotoxicidade e a produtividade. O efeito da fitotoxicidade foi acentuado a zero e 30 daa, e apresentou correlação direta com a redução da produtividade de milho, principalmente quanto aos herbicidas diclosulan e imazaquin. Aos 60 daa não houve correlação direta entre a fitotoxicidade e a produtividade, demonstrando que a cultura do milho apresentou boa capacidade de recuperação. Aos 90 e 120 daa não ocorreram sintomas de fitotoxicidade em nenhum dos tratamentos. Os produtos utilizados apresentaram efeito residual sobre a cultura do milho, principalmente quando foi semeado até 60 dias após aplicação dos herbicidas.Termos para indexação: Glycine max, Zea mays, fitotoxicidade, cultivo sucessivo. Herbicides applied in soybean and the productivity of corn in successionAbstract -The objective of this work was to assess the residual effect of herbicides applied in soybean cultures on the productivity of corn planted in succession. Five experiment units were installed in the crop year 2002/2003 in random blocks, with four replications. Each experiment corresponded to the period between the application of the herbicides and the planting of the corn: zero (planting on the same day of application) 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after application (daa). Experiments were made up of eight treatments (herbicides diclosulan, sulfentrazone, imazaquin, imazethapyr, fomesafen, lactofen, and chlorimuron-ethyl, and control treatment), and the effect of the herbicides on the corn was evaluated by means of fitotoxicity and productivity. The effect of fitotoxicity was significant at zero and 30 daa, and was directly correlated to the reduction of the corn productivity, especially for the herbicides diclosulan and imazaquin. At 60 daa there was no direct correlation between fitotoxicity and productivity, showing that the culture of corn presented capacity to recover. At 90 and 120 daa no symptoms of fitotoxicity were found in any treatment. The products had an effect on the culture of corn, especially when it was planted up to 60 days after the application of the herbicides.Index terms: Glycine max, Zea mays, phytotoxicity, successive crop. IntroduçãoEm espécies cultivadas de maneira intensiva, como as culturas da soja e do milho, a utilização de herbicidas para controle de plantas daninhas é uma técnica indispensável....

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of nozzle types and 2,4-D formulations on spray deposition on different targets. Two field experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design, and treatments were arranged in a factorial scheme. Species in experiment 1 were Sumatran fleabane (Conyza sumatrensis) and Brazil pusley (Richardia brasiliensis) and in experiment 2 were soybeans (Glycine max) and Benghal dayflower (Commelina benghalensis). For both experiments, the first factor corresponded to spray nozzles with different settings (AD 110.015 - 61 and 105 L ha; AD 015-D - 75 and 146 L ha; XR 110.0202 - 200 L ha; and ADIA-D 110.02 - 208 L ha) and the second factor consisted of two formulations of 2,4-D (amine and choline). The formulation of 2,4-D choline has contained Colex-D™ Technology. Similar or higher spray deposition was observed on the leaves and artificial targets when using 2,4-D choline as compared to the 2,4-D amine formulation, and these differences in deposition were more evident for nozzles applying lower spray volumes. Deposition was more affected by nozzle type when amine formulation was used, compared to choline formulation.

Currently, natural products are being used as a therapeutic alternative in the treatment and prevention of several diseases due to their low toxicity and relevant pharmacological potential. Thus, we can highlight basil (Ocimum basilicum L), one of the most used aromatic plants worldwide. Therefore, we provide some current evidence and insight into the potential therapeutic effect of basil essential oil to expand the available knowledge. A narrative review was carried out by searching electronic databases, providing a comprehensive analysis of the literature, where it was possible to identify existing problems and gaps to facilitate future research on basil essential oil. The available literature on basil essential oil presents us with several important pharmacological activities, such as: antioxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic and diuretic properties, among others. However, further research must be carried out to increase knowledge about this plant with enormous potential and determine its effectiveness and use in clinical conditions.

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The development of practices that maintain or increases soybean yield can increase the profitability of this crop. In this context, the use of microorganism-based products in crops has been extensively studied. Among the species, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens has shown significant potential for agronomic use due to its ability to control phytoparasitic microorganisms and its effects in promoting plant growth. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of B. amyloliquefaciens application on soybean. Fields experiments were conducted at four sites. The experimental design used was randomized block design, with six treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of seed treatment with B. amyloliquefaciens strain MBI600 (Integral II SC)-based product at 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mL c.p. 100 kg-1 of seeds, plus a control without treatment. The variables evaluated were plant stand, phytotoxicity, plant height, root and shoot dry mass, number of nodules and crop yield. Increasing doses of the B. amyloliquefaciens-based product promote an increase in all variables related to crop development. All doses of the B. amyloliquefaciens-based product provided an increase in soybean yield compared to the control. The dose that produces the maximum agronomic efficiency was 15 mL c.p. 100 kg-1 of seeds.

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Olive oil is recognized due to its different properties, however, its most used form is in cold preparation, as there is still the belief that, once heated, olive oil would lose its beneficial properties to health and even form toxic substances. Thus, in order to assess the quality of olive oils and olive bagasse oil subjected to different temperatures and their use in thermal processes, the present study was developed at the Laboratory of Medicinal Plants, belonging to the State University's Department of Agronomy of Maringá. The following analyzes were performed when the oils reached temperatures of 10, 25 (room temperature), 140, 180, 220 and 260°C: acidity, peroxide index, iodine index and measurement of absorbance at 232 and 270 nm (ultraviolet). After the results obtained are compared with the standards of Codex Alimentarius, the Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, the Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento and the International Olive Council, it is concluded that even after heating, in most of the evaluated parameters, the oils remained in compliance with legislation, which can then be used in thermal processes.

A cobertura vegetal que permanece no solo após a colheita beneficia as características físicas e químicas do solo. No entanto, essa palha torna-se uma barreira para a aplicação de herbicidas pré-emergentes, pois impede que eles atinjam o alvo. Nesses casos, a escolha ideal da ponta de pulverização, bem como o tamanho da gota, são imprescindíveis para o sucesso da aplicação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de transposição do líquido pulverizado, dependente do tamanho de gotas, produzido por vários modelos de ponta de pulverização sobre diferentes densidades de palha de aveia-preta. O trabalho foi realizado em Maringá-PR. Foram utilizadas caixas tipo gerbox como unidades coletoras, cobertas por diferentes quantidades de palha de aveia. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 8 x 7, sendo oito pontas de pulverização (leque e cone) e sete quantidades crescentes de palha de aveia-preta. O produto retido na superfície coletora foi colhido e mediu-se a absorbância. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, e as médias, comparadas entre si por meio do teste de agrupamento Skott-Knott a 5% de probabilidade. Pode-se concluir que o tamanho das gotas é extremamente importante na transposição da palha de aveia. Gotas muito finas e muito grossas não conseguem transpor a barreira formada pela palha de maneira eficiente. Pontas de pulverização que produzem gotas de tamanho médio (CV-IA 02 e ST 02) apresentam volume de transposição maior do que o das demais, sendo recomendadas em aplicações de herbicidas pré-emergentes em plantio-direto até 4 t ha-1 de cobertura morta.