Mangrove forests provide a large variety of ecosystem services (ES) to coastal societies. Using a case study focusing on the Ajuruteua peninsula in Northern Brazil and two ES, food provisioning (ES1) and global climate regulation (ES2), this paper proposes a new framework for quantifying and valuing mangrove ES and allow for their small-scale mapping. We modelled and spatialised the two ES from different perspectives, the demand (ES1) and the supply (ES2) side respectively. This was performed by combining worldwide databases related to the global human population (ES1) or mangrove distribution and canopy height (ES2) with locally derived parameters, such as crab catches (ES1) or species-specific allometric equations based on local estimates of tree structural parameters (ES2). Based on this approach, we could estimate that the area delivers the basic nutrition of about 1400 households, which equals 2.7 million USD, and that the mangrove biomass in the area contains 2.1 million Mg C, amounting to 50.9 million USD, if it were paid as certificates. In addition to those figures, we provide high-resolution maps showing which areas are more valuable for the two respective ES, information that could help inform management strategies in the future.
Principles of social sustainability serve to guide urban regeneration programmes around the world. Increasingly, the upholding of these principles is subject to qualified evaluation and monitoring. One of the cornerstones of social sustainability is access to basic services. This is also a strategic and operational objective in urban regeneration measures. While indicator-based evaluations of accessibility do exist, hitherto they have tended to apply descriptive statistics or density parameters only. Therefore, there is a need for small-scale, regularly updated information on accessibility, such as the nearest facility based on street networks and population density. This deficit can often be attributed to the complex methodological requirements. To meet this need, our article presents a method for determining the spatial accessibility of basic services with low data requirements. Accessibility is measured in walking time and linked to the local population distribution. More specifically, GIS tools in connection with land survey data are used to estimate the number of inhabitants per building; the walking time needed to reach four types of social amenity along the street network is then determined for each building; finally, a population-weighted accessibility index is derived and mapped in a 50-m grid. To test this method, we investigated four urban regeneration areas in Dresden, Germany. The results show that with freely available geodata, it is possible to identify neighbourhoods and buildings with both high population densities and poor accessibility to basic services. Corresponding maps can be used to monitor urban regeneration measures or form a basis for further action.
Rund ein Viertel der neu errichteten Nutzfläche in deutschen Nichtwohngebäuden entfiel im Jahr 2018 auf das Segment der Warenlagergebäude. Trotz dieser großen Bedeutung mangelt es an tiefergehenden Analysen bezüglich der regionalen und sektoralen Bautätigkeit. In der Folge ist bisher wenig über die Flächeninanspruchnahme durch diese Bautätigkeit bekannt. In vorliegenden Beitrag wird eine Methodik zur regionalen Quantifizierung der deutschlandweiten Flächeninanspruchnahme von Warenlagergebäuden vorgestellt. Auf Basis eines Datensatzes des Forschungsdatenzentrums der Jahre 2000 bis 2015 sowie durch Anwendung GIS-gestützter Umrechnungsparameter sind Aussagen zur kleinräumigen Ausprägung der Flächeninanspruchnahme bis auf Gemeindeebene möglich. Es zeigt sich, dass das Segment der Warenlagergebäude in dreifacher Hinsicht durch Konzentrationseffekte gekennzeichnet ist: die Gebäude werden immer größer, sie werden in zunehmendem Maße durch spezialisierte Logistikdienstleister errichtet und konzentrieren sich räumlich auf einige wenige, gut angebundene Standorte. In der Folge nimmt konträr zur allgemeinen Entwicklung die Flächeninanspruchnahme in diesem Segment stetig zu. Für das Gelingen nationaler Flächenhaushaltsziele scheint zukünftig eine differenzierte Betrachtung spezifischer Nutzungsarten, Raumkontexte sowie damit verbundener Einflussgrößen ratsam.
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