The COVID-19 pandemic has become both a challenge and an opportunity to implement certain changes in the world of education. One of the most important differences has been online evaluation, which had, until now, been marginal in most prestigious universities. This study compared the academic achievement of the last cohort that performed classroom assessment and the first group that was graded for an official degree using synchronous online evaluation. Other variables measured were the self-assessment of students in this second group, in order to understand how it affected their perception of the process using three different indicators: stress, difficulty, and fairness. Nine hundred and nineteen students participated in the study. The results indicate that online assessment resulted in grades that were 10% higher while enjoying the same degree of validity and reliability. In addition, stress and difficulty levels were also in line with the on-site experience, as was the perception that the results were fair. The results allow us to conclude that online evaluation, when proctored, provides the same guarantees as desktop exams, with the added bonus of certain advantages which strongly support their continued use, especially in degrees with many students who may come from many different locations.

No abstract

El bienestar psicológico parece estar asociado con hábitos de vida saludable, con variables de personalidad positivas y ausencia de síntomas clínicos relevantes. Este estudio pretende: (1) describir las diferencias de género y edad en las variables: hábitos de vida, variables psicológicas positivas y variables clínicas; (2) analizar correlaciones entre las variables estudiadas y el bienestar psicológico; (3) investigar las variables predictivas del bienestar psicológico. Se trabajó con 1.075 participantes de ambos sexos entre 13 y 18 años, 514 varones (47.8%), 542 tenían entre 13-15 años (50.4%. Fueron evaluados con la Escala de bienestar psicológico; Encuesta de hábitos de vida; Escala de autoestima de Rosenberg (1965); Escala de autoestima corporal; Inventario de síntomas psicopatológicos SCL 90-R. Los resultados confirman diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los hábitos de vida, con puntuaciones superiores los varones y los de menor edad. En las variables de personalidad positivas los varones superan significativamente a las mujeres y en las negativas a la inversa. Se confirma que a mejor rendimiento académico, más ejercicio físico, mejor alimentación, sueño y menor consumo de tabaco, alcohol y drogas, mayor bienestar subjetivo. A puntuaciones más elevadas en variables positivas mayor bienestar psicológico. Predice el 56% del bienestar psicológico: autoconcepto, baja depresión, buena calidad del sueño, autoestima corporal, baja emocionabilidad y alto rendimiento académico.

Este artículo revisa las principales teorías sobre la adquisición de conocimiento y el aprendizaje, justificando el surgimiento del Conectivismo como el paradigma educativo más útil para entender el aprendizaje en la era digital y los procesos de e-learning. Se presenta al conectivismo como una evolución respecto a las escuelas anteriores y no una revolución teórica en el ámbito pedagógico. Se valora al Psicoanálisis y la Escuela de la Gestalt como antecedentes más remotos y se considera la influencia del Instruccionismo, Constructivismo, Teoría del Caos, Neurociencia, Teoría de redes y Sistemas Adaptativos Complejos como referentes directos. Se continúa con el análisis de las influencias recibidas por las distintas escuelas teóricas coetáneas y actuales, como la Teoría de la Conversación, la Teoría del Actor?Red, la Red de aprendizaje (Network Learning), e?learning 2.0., Microlearning, Nano?learning, Universidad 2.0., Currículum 2.0., Pedagogía 2.0. y el Navegacionismo, para completar los fundamentos teóricos sobre los que se apoya el Conectivismo. Se concluye pronosticando cada vez mayor relevancia en el ámbito educativo de este paradigma.

No abstract

Taking into account that the first virtual reality viewers started to be marketed in Spain at the end of 2016 (Gadelha, 2018; Parong and Mayer, 2018; Rizzo and Koenig, 2017) [1], [2], [3], a questionnaire was designed in order to show the social and demographic profile of this first generation of users of virtual reality experiences, itemising their ages, genders, educational level, professional field and present work status. Furthermore, the participants’ habits of use, interests, attitudes, assessments about the future potential of virtual reality in a range of areas and their preferences in this area are shown through the other items of the questionnaire.A wide sample of 117 participants, who were early adopters of virtual reality viewers, was obtained posting a new thread in the virtual reality forum of the Internet website ‘Elotrolado.net’. The data were collected by means of an online questionnaire hosted at the private servers of ‘Encuestafacil.com’.The sample did not undergo any pre-treatment and the obtained data were not altered.

No abstract

Aging typically manifests itself in a variety of physical and cognitive alterations and challenges that are not always easily accepted. Feeling dissatisfied with these changes can also affect the mood and self-esteem of older people causing body image problems. The present study focuses on body satisfaction in Spanish older people (176 participants; M and SD = 64.03 ± 1 8.06; age range 50 to over 75) by employing experimental research to test whether psychosocial interventions may have a positive impact. Our aims are threefold: (1) To describe the body satisfaction of older people considering intervening variables, such as age, gender, having a stable partner, time of the year, and place of residence; (2) to compare body satisfaction improvement in older people participating in a specific body satisfaction program designed for this purpose versus a non-specific program run by the Spanish Red Cross; and (3) to examine the relationship between age, gender, having a stable partner, time of the year, place of residence, body satisfaction and participating in the experimental condition. The IMAGINA specific body image program yielded a significant improvement in body satisfaction when compared with the non-specific program in both men and women regardless of marital status and in some age groups: 50 to 54 years old, 60 to 64 years old, and 65 to 69. Male participants, as well as singles, were more satisfied with their bodies, and the contrary was true for divorced and separated. The IMAGINA program was particularly useful in participants with more body image problems. As shown, the pressure to fit beauty standards and related problems do not go away with age, a fact that is embodied and experienced differently in men and women.