The COVID-19 pandemic has become both a challenge and an opportunity to implement certain changes in the world of education. One of the most important differences has been online evaluation, which had, until now, been marginal in most prestigious universities. This study compared the academic achievement of the last cohort that performed classroom assessment and the first group that was graded for an official degree using synchronous online evaluation. Other variables measured were the self-assessment of students in this second group, in order to understand how it affected their perception of the process using three different indicators: stress, difficulty, and fairness. Nine hundred and nineteen students participated in the study. The results indicate that online assessment resulted in grades that were 10% higher while enjoying the same degree of validity and reliability. In addition, stress and difficulty levels were also in line with the on-site experience, as was the perception that the results were fair. The results allow us to conclude that online evaluation, when proctored, provides the same guarantees as desktop exams, with the added bonus of certain advantages which strongly support their continued use, especially in degrees with many students who may come from many different locations.
El bienestar psicológico parece estar asociado con hábitos de vida saludable, con variables de personalidad positivas y ausencia de síntomas clínicos relevantes. Este estudio pretende: (1) describir las diferencias de género y edad en las variables: hábitos de vida, variables psicológicas positivas y variables clínicas; (2) analizar correlaciones entre las variables estudiadas y el bienestar psicológico; (3) investigar las variables predictivas del bienestar psicológico. Se trabajó con 1.075 participantes de ambos sexos entre 13 y 18 años, 514 varones (47.8%), 542 tenían entre 13-15 años (50.4%. Fueron evaluados con la Escala de bienestar psicológico; Encuesta de hábitos de vida; Escala de autoestima de Rosenberg (1965); Escala de autoestima corporal; Inventario de síntomas psicopatológicos SCL 90-R. Los resultados confirman diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los hábitos de vida, con puntuaciones superiores los varones y los de menor edad. En las variables de personalidad positivas los varones superan significativamente a las mujeres y en las negativas a la inversa. Se confirma que a mejor rendimiento académico, más ejercicio físico, mejor alimentación, sueño y menor consumo de tabaco, alcohol y drogas, mayor bienestar subjetivo. A puntuaciones más elevadas en variables positivas mayor bienestar psicológico. Predice el 56% del bienestar psicológico: autoconcepto, baja depresión, buena calidad del sueño, autoestima corporal, baja emocionabilidad y alto rendimiento académico.
Este artículo revisa las principales teorías sobre la adquisición de conocimiento y el aprendizaje, justificando el surgimiento del Conectivismo como el paradigma educativo más útil para entender el aprendizaje en la era digital y los procesos de e-learning. Se presenta al conectivismo como una evolución respecto a las escuelas anteriores y no una revolución teórica en el ámbito pedagógico. Se valora al Psicoanálisis y la Escuela de la Gestalt como antecedentes más remotos y se considera la influencia del Instruccionismo, Constructivismo, Teoría del Caos, Neurociencia, Teoría de redes y Sistemas Adaptativos Complejos como referentes directos. Se continúa con el análisis de las influencias recibidas por las distintas escuelas teóricas coetáneas y actuales, como la Teoría de la Conversación, la Teoría del Actor?Red, la Red de aprendizaje (Network Learning), e?learning 2.0., Microlearning, Nano?learning, Universidad 2.0., Currículum 2.0., Pedagogía 2.0. y el Navegacionismo, para completar los fundamentos teóricos sobre los que se apoya el Conectivismo. Se concluye pronosticando cada vez mayor relevancia en el ámbito educativo de este paradigma.
Taking into account that the first virtual reality viewers started to be marketed in Spain at the end of 2016 (Gadelha, 2018; Parong and Mayer, 2018; Rizzo and Koenig, 2017) [1], [2], [3], a questionnaire was designed in order to show the social and demographic profile of this first generation of users of virtual reality experiences, itemising their ages, genders, educational level, professional field and present work status. Furthermore, the participants’ habits of use, interests, attitudes, assessments about the future potential of virtual reality in a range of areas and their preferences in this area are shown through the other items of the questionnaire.A wide sample of 117 participants, who were early adopters of virtual reality viewers, was obtained posting a new thread in the virtual reality forum of the Internet website ‘Elotrolado.net’. The data were collected by means of an online questionnaire hosted at the private servers of ‘Encuestafacil.com’.The sample did not undergo any pre-treatment and the obtained data were not altered.
This study describes the social and demographic profile of the first generation of users of marketed virtual reality (VR) viewers in Spain and, subsequently, it assesses the interest in its use as a learning tool. For that purpose, an online questionnaire created ad hoc was administered to a sample of 117 participants. The relationship between twelve variables was analysed comparing means through the Snedecor's F distribution and the contingency tables through the Chi-squared test and Somers' D. Among other issues, it was concluded that the virtual reality user profile at present corresponds to a person older than 36, mainly men, with higher education and having acquired their viewer no longer than one year ago. Concerning the interests of virtual reality users as a learning tool, only a few of them currently use virtual reality for this aim, but they mainly show an interest in using the virtual reality as a learning method and they feel optimism regarding the future use of this technology as a learning tool. However, this is not the case among users of video game consoles (PSVR), who are mainly men not interested in their use as a learning tool at
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