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This article tests for the existence of nationality discrimination in the English professional soccer league. Although wage equations have typically been used by labor economists to identify discrimination, the approach may be plagued by unobserved productivity characteristics that are correlated with race and ethnicity, resulting in biased estimates of discrimination. This paper utilizes a "market test" approach to determine the existence of nationality discrimination. The results provide some evidence that players from South America may receive preferential labor market treatment, but this is only evident in the Premier (or highest) division of the league. In addition, this labor market discrimination appears to be a rational response from owners who observe increased attendance with a larger presence of South American players.

This article seeks to improve on previous estimates of the impact of immigration on native wages by using an occupational segmentation approach that directly controls for regional migration and other shifts in the native-born U.S. labor supply. The U.S. labor market is segmented by occupation in order to determine which, if any, native workers tend to be vulnerable to increased immigrant competition for jobs. The results suggest that native-born workers in the primary sector are the main beneficiaries of increased immigration, while native-born Hispanic females in the secondary sector are the most susceptible to downward wage pressures.

This paper examines how immigrant enclaves influence labor market outcomes. We examine the effect of variation in ethnic concentration across counties and county subdivisions on both immigrant earnings and employment using the non‐public use, 1‐in‐6 sample of the 2000 U.S. Census. We find that there is heterogeneity in enclave impacts by ethnic group and skill composition of the enclave. While some groups tend to suffer from lower wages and employment propensities when residing in areas with larger ethnic concentrations, others have higher wages and improved employment opportunities in enclaves. (JEL J61, J15, R23)

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