“…Researchers have pointed out that depending on the race/ethnicity of the particular group, the time of arrival in the country, and gender, ethnic enclaves may be just another secondary labor market, providing low wages, limited benefits, and few opportunities for advancement (Catanzarite & Aguilera, ; Gilbertson, ; Portes & Shafer, ; Xie & Gough, ). For instance, there is empirical evidence showing that ethnic enclaves negatively influence wages for workers of both sexes from Mexico, Central America, and Europe, but have no impact on male workers from East Asia (Pedace & Rohn, ).…”