Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L., Lamiaceae) is an aromatic and medicinal plant that has been used in folk medicine, phytopharmaceutical preparations, food preservatives, and as an aromatic ingredient. The effect of Thymus vulgaris essential oil (TEO) and its isolated constituents thymol and cavacrol (CVL) were studied in the following experimental models: ear edema, carrageenan-induced pleurisy, and chemotaxis in vitro. In the pleurisy model, TEO, CVL, and thymol significantly inhibited inflammatory edema. However, only TEO and CVL inhibited leukocyte migration. In the in vitro chemotaxis experiment, CVL inhibited leukocyte migration, whereas thymol exerted a potent chemoattractant effect. In the ear edema model, CVL (10 mg/ear), applied topically, reduced edema formation, exerting a topical anti-inflammatory effect. Thymol did not reduce edema formation but rather presented an irritative response, probably dependent on histamine and prostanoid release. Our data suggest that the antiinflammatory effects of TEO and CVL are attributable to the inhibition of inflammatory edema and leukocyte migration.

BACKGROUND: Most diabetic and hypertensive patients, principally the elderly, do not achieve adequate disease control and consume 5%-15% of annual health care budgets. Previous studies verified that pharmaceutical care is useful for achieving adequate disease control in diabetes and hypertension.

Objetivou-se identificar o perfil de mães e de prematuros nascidos vivos e caracterizar os recém-nascidos prematuros em situação de risco para o crescimento e desenvolvimento. Estudo epidemiológico de corte transversal realizado em Guarapuava, PR. Os dados foram obtidos a partir do sistema de informações sobre nascidos vivos (SINASC) com base nas declarações de nascidos vivos. A análise estatística foi realizada em uma amostra composta por 106 declarações de nascidos vivos prematuros, de janeiro a junho de 2005, e suas respectivas mães. As variáveis utilizadas foram: características sociodemográficas, condições da gestação e parto e características dos prematuros nascidos vivos. Concluiu-se que conhecer e avaliar o perfil das mães e o número e a situação dos nascimentos de crianças de uma área, em um período de tempo, é importante na determinação dos riscos vitais relacionados a condições do nascimento, crescimento e desenvolvimento infantil, sendo esses aspectos componentes de vários indicadores de saúde e fundamentais para a assistência na área materno-infantil.

These results indicated the effectiveness of pharmaceutical care in improving pharmacotherapy adherence, with positive effects in the clinical outcomes of the patients studied.

The incidence of DDI-related ADRs in elderly outpatients is high; most events presented important clinical consequences and were preventable or ameliorable.

RESUMO: "Atividades antiinflamatória e antinociceptiva do eugenol em modelos experimentais em animais". Eugenia caryophyllata, popularmente conhecida como "cravo-daíndia", cresce naturalmente na Indonésia e é cultivada em várias partes do mundo, incluindo o Brasil. O cravo-da-índia é utilizado em culinária, em farmácia, perfumaria e cosméticos. O óleo essencial extraído do cravo-da-índia cujo principal componente é o eugenol tem sido utilizado em odontologia como anti-séptico e analgésico. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as atividades antiinflamatória e antinociceptiva do eugenol de uso odontológico, administrado oralmente, em modelos experimentais in vivo. A atividade antiinflamatória do eugenol foi avaliada através do volume de exsudato e migração leucocitária no teste de pleurisia e do edema de pata de rato induzido pela carragenina. A atividade antinociceptiva foi avaliada através dos testes de contorções induzidas pelo ácido acético e da placa quente. O eugenol (200 e 400 mg/kg) reduziu o volume de exsudato pleural sem interferir na contagem de leucócitos totais presentes na pleura. Na dose de 200 mg/kg, o eugenol inibiu significativamente o edema de pata, 2-4 h após a injeção do agente flogístico. No teste da placa quente, a administração do eugenol (100 mg/kg) mostrou atividade significativa à reação de desconforto-tempo dependente, avaliada como a latência da resposta, inibida pela meperidina. Eugenol na doses de 50, 75 e 100 mg/kg apresentou efeito antinociceptivo significativo no teste de contorções abdominais induzidas pelo ácido acético em comparação com o grupo controle. Os dados obtidos indicam que o eugenol apresenta atividade antiinflamatória e antinociceptiva periférica.Unitermos: Eugenia caryophyllata, Syzygium aromaticum, Myrtaceae, atividade antiinflamatória, atividade antinociceptiva, óleo essencial, cravo-da-índia.ABSTRACT: Eugenia caryophyllata, popular name "clove", is grown naturally in Indonesia and cultivated in many parts of the world, including Brazil. Clove is used in cooking, food processing, pharmacy; perfumery, cosmetics and the clove oil (eugenol) have been used in folk medicine for manifold conditions include use in dental care, as an antiseptic and analgesic. The objective of this study was evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity of eugenol used for dentistry purposes following oral administration in animal models in vivo. The anti-inflammatory activity of eugenol was evaluated by inflammatory exudates volume and leukocytes migration in carrageenan-induced pleurisy and carrageenan-induced paw edema tests in rats. The antinociceptive activity was evaluated using the acetic acid-induced writhing and hot-plate tests in mice. Eugenol (200 and 400 mg/kg) reduced the volume of pleural exudates without changing the total blood leukocyte counts. At dose of 200 mg/kg, eugenol significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced edema, 2-4 h after injection of the flogistic agent. In the hot-plate test, eugenol administration (100 mg/kg) showed unremarkable activity agai...

Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Family Lamiaceae), popularly named rosemary, is a common household plant grown in many parts of the world, including Brazil. Rosemary leaves are used for food flavoring and have been used in folk medicine for many conditions; they have antispasmodic, analgesic, antirheumatic, carminative, cholagogue, diuretic, expectorant, and antiepileptic effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of rosemary essential oil (REO) on experimental models of nociception and inflammation in animals. The anti-inflammatory effect of REO was evaluated by inflammatory exudate volume and leukocyte migration in carrageenan-induced pleurisy and carrageenan-induced paw edema tests in rats. Antinociception was evaluated using the acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate tests in mice. REO (500 mg/kg) significantly reduced the volume of pleural exudate and slightly decreased the number of cells that had migrated compared with the control animals. At doses of 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg, REO significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced edema 1-4 hours after injection of the phlogistic agent. In the hot plate test, REO administration (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) showed unremarkable effects on response latency, whereas control injection of meperidine induced significant antinociceptive effects. REO at doses of 70, 125, and 250 mg/kg had a significant antinociceptive effect in the acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing test compared with control animals. These data suggest that REO possesses anti-inflammatory and peripheral antinociceptive activity.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of propolis extract in maintaining the viability of human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells, and to radiographically analyze tooth replantation and the adjacent periodontium in dogs after storage in this extract. Human PDL cells were incubated with the experimental media propolis, milk, saliva, Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS), and Dulbecco's modified Eagles medium (DMEM, positive controls), and distilled water (negative control). Cell viability was determined 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h later by colorimetric MTT assay. Thirty incisors from dogs were divided into two storage time blocks (1 and 3 h) and were maintained in the experimental media. HBSS served as a positive control, and dry teeth (on gauze) as a negative control. The replanted teeth were radiographed once per month for 6 months. The radiographic images were standardized by the shortening/lengthening factor, and were both qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. The in vitro results showed that the efficacy of propolis in maintaining functional viability of PDL cells was similar to that of milk. Propolis and milk were significantly better than controls from the 6-h time period. The in vivo results showed that teeth maintained in propolis medium exhibited replacement resorption with significant reduction in tooth length, similar to teeth maintained in saliva and dried teeth. This resorption was less intense with the 3-h storage time than the 1-h storage time. Conditions close to normal were found in teeth maintained in milk, similar to the HBSS control. Therefore, although propolis was effective in maintaining the viability of human PDL cells, resorption of the tooth replantation in dogs occurred under these experimental conditions.