The past decade has witnessed a rapid expansion of the Internet. This revolutionary communication network has significantly changed the way people conduct business, communicate, and live. In this report we have focused on how the Internet influences the practice of psychology as it relates to testing and assessment. The report includes topics such as test security, how technical issues may compromise test validity and reliability, and hardware issues. Special attention is paid to ethical and legal issues, with particular emphasis on implications for people with disabling conditions and culturally and linguistically diverse persons. The report also covers issues specific to areas of practice such as neuropsychology, industrialorganizational, educational, and personality. Illustrative examples of Internet test use concretize the implications of this new medium of testing and its assessment limitations and potential. The most salient conclusion from this report is that the current psychometric standards, particularly those regarding test reliability and validity, apply even though the way in which the tests are developed and used may be quite different. Still, new methods made possible by emerging technologies will push the boundaries of existing psychometric theory and it is up to psychologists to test and expand the limits of psychometrics to keep pace with these innovations.The Internet provides a tremendous opportunity for testing but with opportunity there is a corresponding need for the ethical and professional use of test results. We encourage psychologists to think creatively about how their research and practice can be improved by Internet testing. Although there are many issues that await resolution, psychologists should look forward to this new medium with excitement and enthusiasm.
Two studies were conducted to examine the relationship
of acculturation to neuropsychological test performance
among (1) medically healthy, neurologically normal African
Americans (N = 170); and (2) HIV positive (HIV+)
subgroups of African Americans and Whites (Ns
= 20) matched on age, education, sex, and HIV disease stage.
Acculturation was measured through self report for all
participants, and linguistic behavior (Black English use)
was assessed in a subset of medically healthy individuals
(N = 25). After controlling for the effects of
age, education, and sex, medically healthy African Americans
who reported less acculturation obtained lower scores on
the WAIS–R Information subtest and the Boston Naming
Test than did more acculturated individuals. Black English
use was associated with poor performance on Trails B and
the WAIS–R Information subtest. HIV+ African Americans
scored significantly lower than their HIV+ White counterparts
on the Category Test, Trails B, WAIS–R Block Design
and Vocabulary subtests, and the learning components of
the Story and Figure Memory Tests. However, after accounting
for acculturation, ethnic group differences on all measures
but Story Learning became nonsignificant. These results
suggest that there are cultural differences within ethnic
groups that relate to neuropsychological test performance,
and that accounting for acculturation may improve the diagnostic
accuracy of certain neuropsychological tests. (JINS,
1998, 4, 291–302.)
This article presents a paradigm for teaching counselors to use the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual ofMental Disorders (3rd edition, revised; DSM-III-R; American Psychiatric Association, 1987) with ethnic minority clients, Limitations of the DSM-III-R, as they relate to minorities, are also discussed,
Reliability (internal consistency and test‐retest) and validity (construct and factorial) of the Orthogonal Cultural Identification Scale (OCIS; E. R. Oetting & F. Beauvais, 1990–1991) were evaluated in a sample of Asian American university students. Ethnic identification, measured using the OCIS, and acculturation, measured using the Suinn‐Lew Asian Self‐Identity Acculturation Scale (R. M. Suinn, K. Rickard‐Fugueroa, S. Lew, & P. Vigil, 1987), are hypothesized to measure related but separate constructs.
Análisis de fiabilidad (consistencia interna y estabilidad temporal), y de validez (conceptual y factorial) de la Escala Ortagonal de Identificación Cultural (OCIS; E. R. Oetting & F. Beauvais, 1990–1991) fueron evaluados en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios Asiáticos Americanos. La identificación étnica fue medida usando la OCIS, y la aculturación fue medida usando la Escala de Identidad de Ser y Aculturación Asiática de Suinn‐Lew (R. M. Suinn, K. Rickard‐Figueroa, S. Lew, & P. Vigil, 1987). Se presenta la hipótesis que la identificación étnica y la aculturación miden conceptos separados que estan relacionados.
This article presents the results of 2 studies conducted with Spanish versions of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) with Latino students. Study 1 compared the results of 2 administrations of the MMPI-2, one in English and the other in Spanish. Study 2 compared the results of administrations of 2 Spanish versions of the MMPI-2, the official Mexican adaptation and the Version Hispana. In both cases, scale score differences were not found. Comparability, as operationally defined by test-retest reliability, was found to be higher for the group that was administered the English and Spanish versions than the group administered the 2 Spanish versions. Overall, the results were found to suggest correspondence. Yet, the authors warn against concluding "perfect" correspondence because other key groups need to be studied, including psychiatric patients and persons from the Latino community. Also, the determination of linguistic equivalence needs further refinement.
In this study, we compared the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) performance of male university students and incarcerated criminal offenders in Mexico. Our aim was to determine whether the MMPI-2 can effectively differentiate between these two distinct groups on scales that are reflective of antisocial behaviors. Our expectations were highly confirmed across the three sets of scales that we considered: the validity and clinical, content, and supplementary scales. Criminal offenders obtained higher or more pathological scores on such scales as Infrequency (F), Schizophrenia (Sc), MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale (MAC-R), Fears (FRS), and so on. Overall, these findings support further research with such target populations as prison inmates in Mexico and other countries in Latin America.
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 (MMPI‐2) is frequently used by professional counselors to assess Chicano or Mexican American clients in various mental health settings. It is important to understand how ethnic and sociocultural variables (e.g., ethnic identity, acculturation, or racism) may influence the assessment process. This article presents strategies for the culturally competent use of the MMPI‐2 with this burgeoning Hispanic subpopulation.
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