Identificación de clones de papa con pulpa pigmentada de alto rendimiento comercial y mejor calidad de fritura: Estabilidad y análisis multivariado de la interacción genotipo-ambiente Identification of pigmented-fleshed potato clones of high marketable yield and better frying quality: Stability and multivariate analysis of genotype-environment interaction
En el Perú las papas con pulpa pigmentada tienen un gran valor científico y biológico, son cultivadas y preservadas en áreas muy localizadas por pequeños agricultores. Se analizó el comportamiento de clones de papa con pulpa pigmentada en Llama, Cajamarca, con el objetivo de obtener variedades de alta producción de minitubérculos denominadas como "papa baby". Para ello se seleccionaron veinte clones provenientes de las hibridaciones entre cultivares nativos de Cajamarca con ecotipos nativos. Respecto al número de tubérculos por planta, los mejores clones fueron: BN4-C-1 de color de piel y pulpa crema, BN14-C-8 de piel y pulpa crema, BN3-A-4 de piel roja y pulpa amarilla y BN14-V-2 color de piel y pulpa violeta, con 90,73, 42,9, 36,87 y 31,14 tubérculos por planta. Además, estos clones presentaron el mayor número de tubérculos no comerciales por planta con 57
There is an increase in the demand and consumption of potato crisps and french chips in Peru. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the industrial quality parameters of the physical and chemical characteristics of 17 advanced potato clones with purple pulp and select the clones with the best responses to the attributes of quality for industrial processing in Cajamarca, Peru. The results showed that the clones exhibited acceptable physical characteristics (tuber shape, depth of the eye, skin color, and color of the pulp) for processing, including the Amarilis variety. In addition, the clones reported tuber sizes within the recommended range for chips (40-60 mm) and french fries (≤ 45 mm). Clone CIP302306.19 produced the highest content of dry matter of the tuber (28.60%) and specific gravity (1,106 g cm -3 ), with low levels of reducing sugars (0.062%) and an acceptable range for the processing of the chips, while the lowest dry matter content (19.39%) and specific gravity (1.072 g cm -3 ), were reported by clone CIP302290.11. Most of the clones produced tubers with a dry matter content greater than 20% and a specific gravity greater than 0.080 g cm -3 , in addition to low levels of reducing sugars, and they are within the acceptable range for chip processing. The study indicated that the tested clones could potentially be used for chip production because of their significant effects on processing parameters. RESUMOHá um aumento na demanda de consumo de chips e batata frita no Perú. Portanto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os parâmetros de qualidade industrial das características físicas e químicas de 17 clones avançados de batata com polpa roxa e selecionar os clones com as melhores respostas aos atributos de qualidade para processamento industrial em Cajamarca, Perú. Os resultados mostraram que os clones exibiram características físicas aceitáveis (forma do tubérculo, profundidade do olho, cor da pele e cor da polpa) para processamento, incluindo a variedade Amarilis. Além disso, os clones mostraram tamanhos de tubérculos dentro do intervalo recomendado para batata chips (40-60 mm) e batata frita (≤ 45 mm). O clone CIP302306.19 produziu o maior teor de matéria seca de tubérculo (28,60%) e gravidade específica (1,106 g cm -3 ), com baixos níveis de açúcares redutores (0,062%) e uma faixa aceitável para o processamento dos chips, enquanto o menor teor de matéria seca (19,39%) e a gravidade específica (1,072 g cm -3 ) foram relatados pelo clone CIP302290.11. A maioria dos clones produziu tubérculos com um teor de matéria seca superior a 20% e uma gravidade específica maior que 0,080 g cm -3 , além de baixos níveis de açúcares redutores que estão dentro da faixa aceitável para processamento de chips. O estudo indicou que os clones testados podem potencialmente ser usados para a produção de chips devido aos seus efeitos significativos nos parâmetros de processamento. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: cultura de segurança alimentar, Solanum tuberosum L., polpa pigmentada, Acrilamida, Atividade antiox...
<p><strong>Background:</strong> Sweet potato (<em>Ipomoea batatas</em> L.) is a crop of great importance in social, economic and industrial terms due to its forage aptitude, high yield potential and quality of storage roots, necessary as human food and also as raw material for bioethanol production a promising substitute for fossil fuels or to boost alcohol production. <strong>Objective:</strong> To compare improved sweetpotato clones under different growing seasons and to select a promising new cultivar with high yield potential and bioethanol production from storage roots in Peru. <strong>Methodology:</strong> The combined analysis of variance was used during two seasons (summer and spring) in Lambayeque, Peru. The yield of storage roots was evaluated, with respect to the quality, the percentage of dry matter and the production of bioethanol were evaluated, which was analyzed by the enzymatic hydrolysis of the starch of four clones and a control variety. <strong>Results:</strong> The combined analysis of variance shows that the clones presented a significant effect on the variables under study. Likewise, the clone CIP 199071.8 with the highest yield of storage roots was identified during season 1 (summer) with an average of 67.4 ± 1.2 t ha<sup>-1 </sup>and in season 2 (spring) with 73.4 ± 0, 8 t ha<sup>-1</sup> regarding the combined analysis obtained 70.4 ± 1.1 t ha<sup>-1</sup>. In addition, the present clone with an average of 28.9 ± 1.4% of dry matter stands out statistically, in fact the same clone 199071.8 reported the highest bioethanol production in season 1 (summer) with an average of 7089.6 ± 2, 2 L ha<sup>-1</sup> of bioethanol and in season 2 (spring) it reached the highest bioethanol production with an average of 7875.1 ± 1.9 L ha<sup>-1</sup>. Regarding the combined analysis, it obtained 7553.2 ± 1.7 L ha<sup>-1</sup> of bioethanol.<strong> Implications:</strong> The sweet potato clones had a significant effect on the yield and quality of the storage roots, a necessary source for human food or industrial input. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The clone CIP 199071.8 reached the highest yield of storage roots, dry matter and bioethanol production during the two growing seasons (summer 2019 and spring 2019), therefore, it will be released as a new cultivar.</p>
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