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The aging population, in combination with the popularity of breast augmentation with implants, presents surgeons with a growing number of cases involving women undergoing minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) who have breast implants. We present an unusual complication involving the delayed migration of a subpectoral implant into the chest cavity through an iatrogenic defect after a minimally invasive mitral valve repair. This chest wall defect was ultimately repaired with a latissimus dorsi flap. Although MICS has been described in women with breast implants, the documented experience remains limited. Most authors classically recommend explantation of the prosthesis to provide access to the chest wall; however, some have later suggested preserving the implant capsule in situ while performing the cardiac procedure with gentle retraction. From our literature review and experience, we recommend that the posterior capsule should remain intact. If this is not possible, then the chest wall closure should be reinforced with either mesh, soft tissue, or both. Soft tissue options include the conversion from a subpectoral to a subglandular position to use the pectoralis major, or a latissimus dorsi muscle flap. With the increasing number of these cases along with the complexities of minimally invasive procedures, close communication and planning should be undertaken between both cardiothoracic and plastic surgeons when taking care of these patients. Above all, when faced with postoperative complications after MICS, the plastic surgeon must maintain a high index of clinical suspicion and consider the possibility of intrathoracic migration of an implant so that proper workup and planning may be initiated.

Pretreatment with BTX may induce the arteriolar resting diameter to be closer to their maximum potential diameter. Additionally, BTX does not display a synergistic effect with topical vasodilators on vasodilation.

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A 55-year-old man with autoimmune deficiency syndrome presented with an infected left ventricular pseudoaneurysm and sepsis. The aneurysmectomy consisted of a Dor-style pericardial patch plus debridement of the abscess cavities. The infected pseudoaneurysm recurred, much larger, within five months due to persistent infected abscess cavities. The second repair was done without a Dor-style patch and with an omental flap. No recurrence has occurred one year after the second repair, but the patient has asymptomatic, partial gastric herniation inside the pericardium. This is the first description of a primary infected left ventricular pseudoaneurysm. The omental flap contributed to the successful treatment.

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