The Covid-19 pandemic that began in the city of Wuhan in China has caused a huge number of deaths worldwide. Countries have introduced spatial restrictions on movement and social distancing in response to the rapid rate of SARS-Cov-2 transmission among its populations. Research originality lies in the taken global perspective revealing indication of significant relationships between changes in mobility and the number of Covid-19 cases. The study uncovers a time offset between the two applied databases, Google Mobility and John Hopkins University, influencing correlations between mobility and pandemic development. Analyses reveals a link between the introduction of lockdown and the number of new Covid-19 cases. Types of mobility with the most significant impact on the development of the pandemic are “retail and recreation areas", "transit stations", "workplaces" "groceries and pharmacies”. The difference in the correlation between the lockdown introduced and the number of SARS-COV-2 cases is 81%, when using a 14-day weighted average compared to the 7-day average. Moreover, the study reveals a strong geographical diversity in human mobility and its impact on the number of new Covid-19 cases.

The main objective of the study is to characterise the influence of key aspects associated with supply chain management on building a competitive advantage by enterprises operating in Lodz region. The study presents the influence of Supply Chain Management (SCM) on the supply chain optimisation process for all links of the chain. The paper also introduces reasoning and presents results of an empirical research referring directly to the influence of supply chain optimisation in enterprises on the dimension of their market competitiveness.

The business model is understood as a way of generating revenue and creating value. This article aimed to define the framework and detailed characteristics of the business model in corporate reporting in the energy sector. The study also addressed the issue of value creation and examined the correlation between reporting information about the business model and the value of the enterprise, calculated using selected accounting measures. The research was conducted in 2021 on all listed companies in the energy sector included in the WIG20 index in 2019–2020. The research methodologies included critical analysis of the literature, analysis of the content of corporate publications, comparative analysis, analysis of phenomena and synthesis of results, Spearman’s rank correlations, and graphical data presentation. The originality of our research concerns directing attention to the disclosure and reporting of information about the business model in corporate reports in the energy sector in Poland. This is the first such study in Poland conducted on companies in the energy sector; therefore, it is treated by the authors as a pilot study. The results show that companies in the energy sector included in the WIG20 index do not disclose information about their business models in reports and the structure of published reports is very diverse, which makes it even more difficult to compare financial and non-financial data. Enterprises in the energy sector disclose financial and non-financial information in financial statements and the reports of the management board on the activities of the company and the capital group. The financial information disclosed by the companies most often included financial and productive capital. Energy companies are reluctant to disclose information about by-products and waste.

The complementary currency Zielony (PLZ) is an example of an economic experiment, operating in Poland since 2015. It is also a new type of economic tool that supports the local economy and influences the creation of sustainable local developments. However, this impact is not direct, as it is realised through a network of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises operating in the local economy, which, among other things, create jobs relevant to the economic prosperity of the region and the life of the local community. The main objective of this article is to demonstrate the relationship between the use of the complementary currency Zielony in Poland by the entities that create the system of this currency and its impact on the economy, in particular on the local sustainable development in the pre-pandemic and pandemic period of Covid-19. The main research problem is formulated in the form of a question: “What are the benefits and opportunities for the economic entities of the local economy as a result of their accession to the complementary currency Zielony system?” The article adopts the following thesis: “The complementary currency Zielony in Poland positively influences the functioning of the local economy and the economic entities that belong to the system and promotes the creation of conditions that are important for sustainable local development. However, it works best when it is not disrupted by administrative barriers and lockdowns, like those that appeared in Poland during the Covid-19 pandemic.” The analysis carried out proved the validity of the thesis and allowed to solve the main problem. The study used the method of critical literature analysis and analysis of statistical data from 2015–2021.

The main objective of this paper is to attempt to characterize the post-transactional impact of customer service on building the competitiveness of a company. The article discusses the importance of post-transactional customer service and indicates its key impact on building long-term relationships by maximizing value for the customer. The benefits that the company achieves by using selected techniques and strategies that ensure the clear identification of clients' needs and preferences are shown. The paper also presents a discussion and results of empirical research regarding the impact of post-transaction customer service on building a company's competitiveness by creating relationships with customers. The results of the research showed that the implementation of post-transactional activities at every level of an organization's operation contributes to effective customer service and brings tangible benefits by increasing the efficiency of the supply chain, as well as affecting the creation of added value for the customer.

Purpose:The purpose of this article was to attempt to characterise the degree of implementation and use of technological innovations in logistics companies and to determine their impact on risk factors, identification methods and tools for its minimisation. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study used the desk research method of statistical data analysis, the comparative analysis method and the method of critical analysis of the subject literature. A survey technique was used to obtain primary data, the research tool of which was a research questionnaire distributed electronically (CASI) in the form of a survey questionnaire. The survey technique was complemented by the telephone interview method (CATI) and the face-to-face interview method (CAPI). Findings: The results of the research carried out show that despite the occurrence of risk, companies decide to implement various types of innovations, especially those from the technological area. This is mainly due to fear for the future of the organisation connected with its development and the technological rush that is currently observed in the economic space. Despite the high risk involved in this type of investment, companies try to minimise the risk of failure, and the greatest concerns in their operation relate not so much to aspects of the internal environment as to the socio-economic situation of the world. Practical Implications: Nowadays, in order for companies to implement innovative solutions in the technological area, they are obliged to provide access to their source and prepare information about existing solutions and possibilities of their use. The results of the survey confirm that for new ideas to bring the desired result, they must be carefully defined, analysed and adapted to the organisation's profile. Such activities are of particular importance when introducing innovations aimed at ensuring an appropriate level of process execution in integrated supply chains. Originality/value: The obtained results lead to questions and discussion as to whether it is currently possible to "be" non-innovative in the technological field, and whether it is possible to avoid the risks associated with the implementation of innovative solutions? As the research results show, it is impossible.

Streszczenie: W kontekście malejącego znaczenia zasobów materialnych warunkiem osiągania przez przedsiębiorstwo przewagi konkurencyjnej jest odkrywanie i wykorzystywanie własnych, wyróżniających kompetencji oraz kreowanie cennych wartości niematerialnych. Wartości niematerialne, takie jak: wiedza, doświadczenie czy umiejętności, pozwalają przedsiębiorstwu na uruchamianie skutecznych instrumentów konkurowania, m.in. przez tworzenie niepowtarzalnych i unikatowych relacji partnerskich, które stanowią najważniejsze ogniwo w walce konkurencyjnej. Jednak aby te relacje były skuteczne, muszą się cechować wzajemnym zaufaniem. Kluczowym elementem tworzenia wiarygodności przedsiębiorstwa na rynku jest wdrożony system zarządzania bezpieczeństwem informacji. Powyższe rozważania stały się podstawą do podjęcia tematyki związanej z wdrożeniem nowoczesnych rozwiązań w zakresie ochrony i bezpieczeństwa informacji w funkcjonujących w regionie łódzkim przedsiębiorstwach logistycznych. Podjęte rozważania oraz wnioski z badań mogą przyczynić się do wskazania kluczowych obszarów, w których przedsiębiorstwa, wykorzystując odpowiednie narzędzia zarządzania bezpieczeństwem informacji, mogą osiągać wymierne korzyści oraz tworzyć przewagę rynkową nad innymi podmiotami.

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