The Covid-19 pandemic that began in the city of Wuhan in China has caused a huge number of deaths worldwide. Countries have introduced spatial restrictions on movement and social distancing in response to the rapid rate of SARS-Cov-2 transmission among its populations. Research originality lies in the taken global perspective revealing indication of significant relationships between changes in mobility and the number of Covid-19 cases. The study uncovers a time offset between the two applied databases, Google Mobility and John Hopkins University, influencing correlations between mobility and pandemic development. Analyses reveals a link between the introduction of lockdown and the number of new Covid-19 cases. Types of mobility with the most significant impact on the development of the pandemic are “retail and recreation areas", "transit stations", "workplaces" "groceries and pharmacies”. The difference in the correlation between the lockdown introduced and the number of SARS-COV-2 cases is 81%, when using a 14-day weighted average compared to the 7-day average. Moreover, the study reveals a strong geographical diversity in human mobility and its impact on the number of new Covid-19 cases.
Poland is one of the leading producers of sugar from sugar beet in Europe. However, the production of sugar generates large amounts of lignocellulosic waste, in the form of beet pulp and leaves. Currently, this waste is not reutilized in the chemical industry, but is only used as food for farm animals. This paper assesses the potential of using bio-waste from the sugar industry as a raw material for the production of furfurals via acid hydrolysis. Further processing of furfural into derivatives such as furfuryl alcohol (FA) or tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA) could increase the economic profitability of the initiative. Furfuryl alcohol can be used as a fuel additive in sugar factories. Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol can be used as a component in agricultural fertilizers, increasing the yield of sugar beet. This approach reduces the amount of post-production waste and brings the sugar industry closer to the concept of a circular economy.
The principal task of national healthcare systems is to provide health services that are safe, accessible, high-quality and people-oriented. To ensure the continuity of healthcare, support activities related to patient transfer and logistics are necessary. Effective implementation of transport processes is a factor affecting the possibility of medical intervention, in terms of both planned and life-saving care. The reliability of the healthcare supply chain is a key factor in patient health. In our research, we have used the method of a single case study of a public regional hospital in Poland providing comprehensive medical services. The aim of the research is to identify the factors that affect the reliability of the healthcare supply chain in relation to the interhospital air transport of patients. Our qualitative research using process mapping reveals what factors affect the reliability of interhospital medical air transport. The analysis of 100 interhospital medical air transport cases has allowed us to create a general procedure related to the movement of patients between the facilities of the healthcare system in Poland. Our research shows that the key factor of reliability is the coherent and integrated cooperation of institutions involved in transport processes.
One thing that should be considered in environmental considerations and climate change is the transportation sector’s contribution to producing carbon dioxide. Unfortunately, in developing countries such as Iran, due to high tariff support, manufacturers have no incentive to improve the combustion quality of their products. Most likely, significant restrictions on CO2 emissions will be applied in the coming years, and companies whose activities or products are related to high-level greenhouse gas emissions will be affected by these restrictions. Therefore, due to the application of these restrictions, investors are most concerned about the risk associated with the return of purchased shares. Considering these cases, it can be expected that the risk related to carbon emissions will be reflected in the yield level and, thus, the stock price. Therefore, the present study deals with the effect of CO2 gas emissions on the market value, price and stock returns of Iranian automobile companies. The data collected as tabular data include six automobile companies from 2018–2019. By conducting various tests and panel data estimations, especially the dynamic panel data method, it was determined that CO2 emissions reduce stock prices, returns and market value of automobile companies. In addition, the results of the causality test indicate that the direction of causality is only from CO2 emissions to stock returns.
Today, one of the main priorities in Europe is to introduce measures to increase environmental protection. Therefore, SMEs operating in the branch related to renewable energy are essential for several EU priorities. SMEs can also be vulnerable, especially during times of crisis, which could negatively affect renewable energy development. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate and analyze the financial security management of renewable energy SMEs during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research is conducted on SMEs operating in the renewable energy sector in Poland. The research periods are 2019 (before the COVID-19 crisis) and 2020 (during the crisis). By analyzing different financial performance ratios, we found that SMEs operating in the energy sector have been able to stabilize and maintain their current economic position compared to the past. The results of this study indicate that the receivables collection period, cash conversion cycle, and operating cycle could have been insignificantly shorter during the COVID-19 crisis. Furthermore, to have stronger financial security, SMEs have adopted a conservative policy in which the share of accounts receivable in current assets has been significantly reduced during COVID-19. In contrast, an insignificant increase in liquidity, quick ratios, and inventory turnover have been observed. In general, Polish SMEs have chosen to adopt conservative strategies during COVID-19 to have better liquidity security.
Purpose: The purpose of the article is to show the diversity of logistics development in European countries at the national and regional level, taking into account the countries of Western, Central and Eastern Europe. The focus is on the development of logistics in Poland, a country with a special location in Europe between Germany, the leader in European and global logistics, and Russia. Design/Methodology/Approach: Research includes changes in the volume of freight transport by air, rail, road and sea in 33 countries in 2010-2018. Spatiotemporal analysis of statistical data with the use of GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and ArcMap 10.5 is proposed. Findings: Logistics in Europe is strongly diversified in national and regional terms. In most countries, logistics developed for all modes of transport during the period considered. The development of the logistics system in Poland mainly involved road, rail and sea transport. Air transport of goods increased to a lesser extent. The integration process of Central and Eastern European logistics with German logistics is visible. Practical Implications: The contribution of the research is to show the general interrelationships between logistics policy and initiatives at the national level and changes in the volume of freight transport across the most important transport branches. Originality/Value: Use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to represent the changes occurring in logistics in Europe. Identification of countries and regions with different logistics development models and paths.
This study addresses the relationship between accounting quality and audit attributes (i.e., audit quality, auditor industry specialization, audit concentration, and audit fees) with companies’ SPCRs listed on the Iraqi Stock Exchange. A multivariate regression model was used to test the hypotheses. The research hypotheses were tested using a sample of 210 observations of the listed Iraqi firms from 2013 to 2018 and a multiple regression model based on the random-effects model’s panel data technique. The findings indicate a negative and significant relationship between the accounting quality, audit, auditor industry specialization and SPCRs. Results also conveyed a meaningful and positive association between stock price crash risk (SPCR) and audit fees. The results did not confirm the relationship between corporate governance and audit concentration with SPCR. The primary research model was tested with additional methods (t + 1, fixed effects, ordinary least squares). Since this is the first study addressing this issue in the emerging markets, it provides users, analysts, and legal entities with helpful information about audit attributes that significantly affect SPCR. These results also contribute to developing science and knowledge in this field and fill the literature gap.
Artykuł omawia kilka pojęć z zakresu systemów logistycznych przedsiębiorstw np. system, system logistyczny, analiza, synergia, koszty, metody optymalizacji.
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