Experimental data from analyses of more than 20 recombined fluid samples show that a significant compositional gradient exists in the Anschutz Ranch East field. The gradient can be correlated as a linear function of depth. Using the correlation, an engineer can estimate compositions for any bottomhole location and then use other methods to estimate fluid properties and/or depletion performance.
Ondansetron 4 mg was compared with metoclopramide 10 mg for prevention of post-operative nausea and emesis in in-patients undergoing major gynaecological surgery in this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicentre study. A total of 1044 patients received a single intravenous (i.v.) injection of study medication immediately before induction of anaesthesia. Nausea and emesis were assessed over the 24 h post-operative period. Significantly more patients who received ondansetron experienced no emetic episodes (44%) compared with those who received metoclopramide (37%, P = 0.049) or placebo (25%, P < 0.001). No nausea was experienced by significantly more patients who received ondansetron (32%) than with patients who received metoclopramide (24%, P = 0.009) or placebo (16%, P < 0.001). In addition, fewer emetic episodes, less severe nausea and a reduced need for rescue antiemetics were also observed with ondansetron (P < 0.05 vs. metoclopramide and placebo). Metoclopramide and placebo-treated patients were also 1.5 times (95% Cl 1.5-4.2) and 2.5 times (95% Cl 1.1-2.0) more likely, respectively, to experience nausea post-operatively. Overall, ondansetron was the most effective antiemetic in this patient population.
Purtscher's retinopathy has a distinctive clinical presentation and is typically associated with thoracic trauma but may be a sequela of nontraumatic systemic disease such as acute pancreatitis. Patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis should have an eye examination to rule out Purtscher's retinopathy. Although visual improvement is possible, patients should be educated that there may be permanent ocular sequelae.
Three species of cottid fishes, Oligocottus maculosus, Clin.ocottus globiceps, and Leptocottus armatus, were subjected to tests to determine their relative dcgrce of tolerance of elevated tempcraturc and salinity. They were found tolerant of approximately double strength sea water for up to 14 hours, at 12°C. Elevation of tcmpcrature resulted in partial failure of osmoregulation at about 16°C in the first two named spccics and at about 25°C in L. armatus. The tempcraturc related reaction to osmotic stress can bc related to maximum shore temperatures at the southern extremity of the ranges of 0. maculosus and C. globiceps.In intraspecific comparison, tolerance of elevated salinity dots not imply tolerance of high temperature and vice versa.
Otoliths of two species of bony fishes have been found to be piezoelectric. Hence, in theory, they constitute a mechanism for depth perception or frequency analysis of sound waves, or both.
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