Purpose The objective of this study was to determine if biomechanical and neuromuscular risk factors related to abnormal movement patterns increased in females, but not males, during the adolescent growth spurt. Methods 315 subjects participated in two testing sessions approximately one year apart. Male and female subjects were classified based on their maturation status as pubertal or post-pubertal. Three trials of a drop vertical jump (DVJ) were collected. Maximum knee abduction angle and external moments were calculated during the DVJ deceleration phase using a 3D motion analysis system. Changes in knee abduction from the first to second year were compared among four subject groups (female pubertal, female post-pubertal, male pubertal and male post-pubertal). Results There were no sex differences in peak knee abduction angle or moment during DVJ between pubertal males and females (p>0.05). However, pubertal females increased peak abduction angle from the first to second year (p<0.001), while males demonstrated no similar change (p=0.90) in the matched developmental stages. Following puberty, the peak abduction angle and moment were greater in females relative to males (angle: female -9.3±5.7°, male -3.6±4.6°, p<0.001; moment: female:-21.9±13.5 Nm, male:-13.0±12.0 Nm, p=0.017). Conclusion This study identified, through longitudinal analyses, that knee abduction angle was significantly increased in pubertal females during rapid adolescent growth, while males showed no similar change. In addition, knee abduction motion and moments were significantly greater for subsequent year in young female athletes, following rapid adolescent growth, compared to males. The combination of longitudinal, sex and maturational group differences indicate that early puberty appears to be a critical phase related to the divergence of increased ACL injury risk factors.

In this model of lung injury induced solely by mechanical forces, the prone position resulted in a less severe and more homogeneous distribution of ventilator-induced lung injury. These results parallel those previously obtained in oleic acid-preinjured animals ventilated with higher positive end-expiratory pressure.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of thisstudywasto determine if tissueharmonicimaging(THI) sonography produced higher quality images than did conventional sonography. SUBJECTS AND METHODS. A prospective studywasperformed on 89 patients tocompare the image quality ofTHI sonography with that of conventional sonography. Each cx amination was performed using THI sonography (transmitted frequency, 2.0 MHz; received frequency, 4.0 MHz) and conventional sonography at 2.5 and 4.0 MHz. The pancreatic area was studied in 60 patients, and other anatomic areas were studied in 68 patients. The images were then graded for penetration, detail, and total image quality. Graders were unaware of the sonographic technique.

We conclude that the ventilatory strategy most likely to overdistend the lungs while allowing repetitive opening and closure of alveoli (group 2) facilitated bacterial translocation from the alveoli to the bloodstream and increased lung injury, as determined by histologic and gravimetric analysis. PEEP ameliorated these effects, despite lung overdistention, but increased histologic and gravimetric indices of lung injury in dependent as compared with the nondependent regions.

No abstract

After oleic acid-induced lung injury, animals ventilated with high tidal volume and PEEP undergo less extensive histologic change in the prone position than in the supine position. The prone position alters the distribution of histologic abnormalities.

No abstract

No abstract