The EM lesions of B. burgdorferi-infected US patients expanded faster, were associated with more symptoms, and had higher mRNA levels of macrophage-associated chemokines and cytokines than did the EM lesions of B. afzelii-infected Austrian patients.

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Extended EXP with extracorporeal administration of 8-MOP is a safe and well tolerated treatment modality. However, it provides only (minor) improvement of skin changes of a subset of SSC patients and does not beneficially influence extracutaneous manifestations and quality of life.

A nested PCR was developed for the detection of Borrelia burgdorferi-specific DNA in the urine of patients with erythema migrans. The target for the nested PCR was a specific region of the flagellin gene; the detection limit was less than five organisms of B. burgdorferi including all three species B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. afzelii, and B. garinii. A prospective, controlled, blinded study was performed with 26 patients with erythema migrans to evaluate the nested PCR method with clinical samples. B. burgdorferi-specific DNA could be detected in urine specimens from 22 of 24 patients with erythema migrans (sensitivity, 91.67%). Immediately after therapy, 11 of 19 patients still yielded positive results (58%). Eight weeks after therapy, 2 of 16 patients (13%) were positive by PCR of urine, and 20 weeks after treatment none of seven investigated urine samples was reactive. Essential for the sensitivity that was obtained was the development of a simple DNA extraction procedure. The results of the study indicate that the described method is highly sensitive and allows for the effective control of the efficacy of antibiotic therapy in patients with early Lyme borreliosis.

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