Nine of 23 established types of short-limbed dwarfism are always incompatible with life. Current state-of-the-art ultrasonic equipment and techniques combined with the establishment of longitudinal growth curves for fetal long bones have made possible the early prenatal diagnosis of lethal skeletal dysplasias. In addition to significantly shortened and/or bowel femurs, features include hydramnios, fetal hydrops, and protuberant fetal abdomen, all easily identifiable with ultrasound. The availability of early prenatal diagnosis of these skeletal dysplasias has placed increased importance on early ultrasonic evaluation of at-risk populations, providing an additional diagnostic parameter to complete the genetic workup.
Many reports exist describing carotene and vit. A levels in plasma during pregnancy and the puerperium( 1-6). In general, it has been observed that carotene increases and vit. A decreases as pregnancy progresses toward term, while during the puerperium these components return to normal non-pregnant values.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.