Vernonia galamensis seed containing 40-42% oil and 30-34% epoxy acid, (c/s-12,13-epoxy-c/s-9-octadecenoic) was processed to oil and meal. Seed conditioning, pressing and solvent extraction research were conducted in pilot facilities at the French Oil Mill Machinery Co. (Piqua, OH). The robust lipase system was successfully inactivated by treating 200 lb. batches of V. galamensis seed in a cooker/conditioner at 195-200~ and >10% moisture. Conditioned seed was mechanically pressed and the press discharge cone setting was varied during operation from 1/32" to 3/32" to demonstrate the feasibility of both full pressing and prepressing. Prepressing successfully reduced oil level in the press cake to ca. 20%. Press cake was extracted with hexane in a 1.5-ft 3 batchtype, four-stage percolation unit with a 6" square extrac~ tion cross section. Solvent extraction reduced oil level in the defatted meal to 1-2%. The defatted meal was desolventized and toasted. Excessive foaming of the vernonia oil extract made complete solvent stripping in the oil stripping unit difficult.KEY WORDS: Epoxy oil, lipase inactivation, mechanical pressing, pilot plant, seed oil, solvent extraction, Vernonia galamensis, vernolie acid.
Simulation of commercial processing of Cuphea seed to obtain needed quantities of oil and meal was accomplished with pilot facilities. Cuphea seed was conditioned in a single‐deck cooker. Cooked seed was pressed with a mechanical screw with two‐speed shaft, variable‐speed drives and a four‐section cage with cored sleeves. A feed rate of 22 kg seed/h and a feed screw‐to‐main shaft ratio of 2:1 gave good press cake with 8.1% residual oil. Press cake was extracted in a batch‐type modular extraction pilot plant. Miscella stages were sequentially pumped through the beds, followed by hexane rinses. Spent cake was desolventized and toasted, and full miscellas were stripped to recover the crude oil. The finished Cuphea meal had only 0.30–0.55% residual oil. Thus, conditioned Cuphea seed was easily pressed without prior flaking to acceptable cakes, and conditions simulating commercial solvent extraction efficiently removed residual cake oil.
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