In a large population with primary AID, azathioprine exposure was associated with a 7-fold risk for myeloid neoplasm. The control and case cohorts had similar systemic exposures by agent category. No association was found for anti-tumor necrosis factor agents. Finally, no timeline was found for the association of drug exposure with the incidence in development of myeloid neoplasm.

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Systematic transperineal template biopsy of the prostate is a safe and precise repeat biopsy technique in patients who remain at high risk for adenocarcinoma.

Systematic transperineal template biopsy of the prostate is a safe and precise repeat biopsy technique in patients who remain at high risk for adenocarcinoma.

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Three patients with iliac artery aneurysms were seen at our institution with the chief complaints owing to urological manifestations. Iliac artery aneurysms may present with a transrectally palpable mass, hematuria, bladder outlet obstruction, ureteral obstruction, retroperitoneal fibrosis or renal failure. Any such manifestations may bring the aneurysm to the attention of a urologist before diagnosis.

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